22,883 research outputs found
Semi-Bounded Restrictions of Dirac Type Operators and the Unique Continuation Property
Let M be a connected Riemannian manifold and let D be a Dirac type operator
acting on smooth compactly supported sections in a Hermitian vector bundle over
M. Suppose D has a self-adjoint extension A in the Hilbert space of
square-integrable sections. We show that any -section contained in
a closed A-invariant subspace onto which the restriction of A is semi-bounded
has the unique continuation property: if vanishes on a non-empty open
subset of M, then it vanishes on all of M.Comment: 10 pages, LaTeX, minor corrections, reference adde
Form factors in from QCD light-cone sum rules
The form factors of the semileptonic decay are
calculated from QCD light-cone sum rules with the distribution amplitudes of
dipion states. This method is valid in the kinematical region, where the
hadronic dipion state has a small invariant mass and simultaneously a large
recoil. The derivation of the sum rules is complicated by the presence of an
additional variable related to the angle between the two pions. In particular,
we realize that not all invariant amplitudes in the underlying correlation
function can be used, some of them generating kinematical singularities in the
dispersion relation. The two sum rules that are free from these ambiguities are
obtained in the leading twist-2 approximation, predicting the form factors and of the vector and
axial current, respectively. We calculate these form factors at the
momentum transfers GeV and at the dipion mass close to
the threshold . The sum rule results indicate that the contributions
of the higher partial waves to the form factors are suppressed with respect to
the lowest -wave contribution and that the latter is not completely
saturated by the -meson term.Comment: 17 pages, 4 figures, a few comments and references added, version to
be published in Nucl.Phys.
Optimal choice and beliefs with ex ante savoring and ex post disappointment
We propose a new decision criterion under risk in which people extract both utility from anticipatory feelings ex ante and disutility from disappointment ex post. The decision maker chooses his degree of optimism, given that more optimism raises both the utility of ex ante feelings and the risk of disappointment ex post. We characterize the optimal beliefs and the preferences under risk generated by this mental process and apply this criterion to a simple portfolio choice/insurance problem. We show that these preferences are consistent with the preference reversal in the Allaisā paradoxes and predict that the decision maker takes on less risk compared to an expected utility maximizer. This speaks to the equity premium puzzle and to the preference for low deductibles in insurance contracts. Keywords: endogenous beliefs, anticipatory feeling, disappointment, optimism, decision under risk, portfolio allocation
DeepPose: Human Pose Estimation via Deep Neural Networks
We propose a method for human pose estimation based on Deep Neural Networks
(DNNs). The pose estimation is formulated as a DNN-based regression problem
towards body joints. We present a cascade of such DNN regressors which results
in high precision pose estimates. The approach has the advantage of reasoning
about pose in a holistic fashion and has a simple but yet powerful formulation
which capitalizes on recent advances in Deep Learning. We present a detailed
empirical analysis with state-of-art or better performance on four academic
benchmarks of diverse real-world images.Comment: IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 201
Mutual versus stock insurers : fair premium, capital, and solvency
Mutual insurance companies and stock insurance companies are different forms of organized risk sharing: policyholders and owners are two distinct groups in a stock insurer, while they are one and the same in a mutual. This distinction is relevant to raising capital, selling policies, and sharing risk in the presence of financial distress. Up-front capital is necessary for a stock insurer to offer insurance at a fair premium, but not for a mutual. In the presence of an owner-manager conflict, holding capital is costly. Free-rider and commitment problems limit the degree of capitalization that a stock insurer can obtain. The mutual form, by tying sales of policies to the provision of capital, can overcome these problems at the potential cost of less diversified owners
Per capita income and the extensive margin of bilateral trade
This paper quantitatively explores the role of the demand structure in explaining the
relationship between an importer's per capita income and the extensive margin of bilateral trade. The underlying mechanism is based on the fact that agents expand the set of goods they consume with income. This in turn affects the structure of a country's import demand and therewith the extensive margin of trade. We formalize this intuition by incorporating preferences that allow for binding non-negativity constraints into an otherwise standard Ricardian multi-country model. We quantify the model using the data on US consumer expenditures and aggregate values of bilateral trade flows and find that the behavior of the model's extensive margin of bilateral trade is consistent with the data (as opposed to the standard model). Two popular counterfactual experiments - lower trade costs and the rise of China and India - demonstrate that the mechanism outlined in this paper is indeed quantitatively important
Suitable Initial Conditions for Newtonian Simulations with Massive Neutrinos
Initial conditions for cosmological N-body simulations are usually calculated
by rescaling the present day linear power spectrum obtained from an
Einstein-Boltzmann solver to the initial time employing the scale-independent
matter growth function. For the baseline Lambda-CDM model, this has been shown
to be consistent with General Relativity (GR) even in the presence of
relativistic species such as photons. We show that this approach is not
feasible in cosmologies with massive neutrinos and present an alternative
method employing the Newtonian motion gauge framework.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figure
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