Principles of double entry bookkeeping in an automated control environment

Developments in auditing, such as continuous auditing or compliance by design, presuppose detailed models of economic transactions, often modelled as value cycles using a money measure. Automated control environments require an automated mechanism to ensure data integrity. Data integrity is not a given, but needs to be established. From a model based perspective we show how double entry bookkeeping provides a detailed model of economic transactions and how the principles of double entry bookkeeping provide a mechanism ensuring and establishing data integrityInfrastructures, Systems and ServicesTechnology, Policy and Managemen

Information exchange in global logistics chains: An application for model-based auditing,

An integrated data pipeline has been proposed to meet requirements for visibility, supervision and control in global supply chains. How can data integration be used for risk assessment, monitoring and control in global supply chains? We argue that concepts from model-based auditing can be used to model the ‘ideal’ flow of money and goods, and by identifying deficiencies, to determine possible risks concerning safety and regulatory compliance. In particular, we propose to use the ‘value-cycle model’ for describing economic transactions, and connect the expected economic status transitions to the physical flow of goods. The model will be illustrated by a case study of the trade lane of a retail organization trading between China and United Kingdom.Technology, Policy and Managemen

The uses of norms

This chapter presents a variety of applications of norms. These applications include governance in sociotechnical systems, data licensing and data collection, understanding software development teams, requirements engineering, assurance, natural resource allocation, wireless grids, autonomous vehicles, serious games, and virtual worlds.Infrastructures, Systems and ServicesTechnology, Policy and Managemen