Raising Kane Takes Its Toll on the Old Chambersburg Turnpike : A Tale of Photographic Detection

Inquires to which the staff of the society responds fall into several categories, but all can be characterized as sensible, ludicrous, or somewhere in between. Most sensible requests focus on genealogy, old businesses, or some other facet of early Adams county history. Many other times, ludicrous requests are received from parties who want to know something about their ancestors from some foreign state who fought in the battle of Gettysburg. The society simply does not have that information. At face value, however, some requests only border on the ludicrous. Such was one relatively recent inquiry which the author was asked to answer. In early September 1996, the society received a letter from a collector of Gettysburg memorabilia. Enclosed were two photographs which the collector indicated were identified as Toll Gate, Gettysburg, Pa. 1907. [excerpt

William and Isabel: Parallels Between the Life and Times of the William Bliss Family, Transplanted New Englanders at Gettysburg, and a Nineteenth-Century Novel, \u27Isabel Carollton: A Personal Retrospect\u27 by Kneller Glen

By 3 July 1863, Union troops under the command of General George G. Meade and elements of General Robert E. Lee\u27s Confederate army had struggled for two days over the rolling farm lands, ridges, and rocky crags around a small farming community and county seat known as Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. Within the encompassing whirlpool ofbattle, however, smaller dramas had unfolded, and one of them is of interest to us here. The soldiers had been fighting for the possession of a house and barn situated equidistant between the battle lines about one and onequarter miles south-southwest of the town square. During a thirty-one hour period, the farmstead had changed hands ten times, but by midmorning of the third day, Federal troops along Cemetery Ridge could no longer tolerate the harassing sharpshooters\u27 fire originating from the barn. After men of the 14th Connecticut Regiment recaptured the farmstead, a courier was sent out to the besieged Nutmeggers with orders to torch the buildings and withdraw. Shortly before the noon, the farmstead was engulfed in flames. Later, a two-hour cannonade was followed by a massed Confederate infantry assault on the Union center, the famous Pickett\u27s Charge. Men in butternut-and-grey again traversed the same farmstead, but by that time the earlier actions there had become anticlimactic. By 5 July the armies had withdrawn, but they had left behind a devastated landscape. However, more was destroyed the morning of the third than a refuge for the skirmishers and sharpshooters: a secure family setting and livelihood were also consumed in the fires. The lives of the farmer, William Bliss, his wife Adeline, and their daughters Sarah and Frances had been immeasurably altered. But there is one major difference between the Bliss\u27s situation and that of other noncombatants: during Lee\u27s Gettysburg campaign, William and his family were the only civilians to lose everything except the clothes on their backs and that which was most dear to them-their lives. [excerpt

Anatomy of a Log House in Adams County, Pennsylvania and Its Unspoken Language

Sixteen years after the end of the Revolution, and on the eve of the formation of Adams county, the United States became embroiled in a quasi-war with France (1797-1801) which strained the federal treasury. As a result of the diplomatic disagreement, Congress approved several bills to fund America\u27s military build-up. One of these, the U.S. Evaluation Tax of July 9, 1798, was signed into law to raise two million dollars in revenues. The direct or window tax was levied based on landholdings, buildings and the number of glass lights, and slaves-in essence, a federal property tax. Although the window tax was considered a burden by most contemporaries, it was a blessing for modern cultural scientists. Fulfilling their duty by compiling at least five schedules for each township, the assessors described each major structure on nearly every farmstead and in every village and town in York county, noting building dimensions, number of stories, number of windows and lights, and construction materials. Although some schedules have not survived, the remainder graphically illustrate that most of the dwelling houses in Adams county by the summer of 1798 were made of wood. [excerpt

Academic and Behavioral Reactions of Children with Disabilities to the Loss of a Firefighter Father: The New York City World Trade Center Attack 9/11/01

This five year comparative case study explores how children with disabilities responded to the loss of their firefighter father in the World Trade Center attack. Preliminary findings presented will be useful for teachers and researchers interested in designing appropriate interventions for children traumatized by the death of a parent

Infrared analysis of propagators and vertices of Yang--Mills theory in Landau and Coulomb gauge

The infrared behaviour of gluon and ghost propagators, ghost-gluon vertex and three-gluon vertex is investigated for both the covariant Landau and the non-covariant Coulomb gauge. Assuming infrared ghost dominance, we find a unique infrared exponent in the d=4 Landau gauge, while in the d=3+1 Coulomb gauge we find two different infrared exponents. We also show that a finite dressing of the ghost-gluon vertex has no influence on the infrared exponents. Finally, we determine the infrared behaviour of the three-gluon vertex analytically and calculate it numerically at the symmetric point in the Coulomb gauge.Comment: 25 pages, 6 figures, accepted by Phys. Rev. D, references added, typos correcte

Post Soviet Evolution of Disability Supports In Kyrgyzstan-Central Asia: A Case Study

Funding for disability services in Kyrgyzstan has undergone a drastic shift since the fall of the USSR. This explanatory case study presents one of only four public schools that educate students with disabilities in the country. This paper first describes the Soviet medical model classification system used in Central Asia, and then explains how services are provided. This historical case study presents how facilities, personnel, equipment, and curriculum have evolved since the fall of the Soviet Union. Techniques including cross age and ability grouping were found to be useful techniques to support students in schools faced with significant financial restrictions

Mixed Methods and Action Research: Methodologies for Special Education (In Press)

Mixed Methods and Action Research are viable approaches for conducting special education research (Bruce & Pine, 2010; Christ, 2007; Collins, Onwuegbuzie & Sutton, 2006). These two methodologies are particularly useful in a range of applications from classroom and school wide interventions, policy analysis, and even research grant applications. Action Research in particular is most applicable when the purpose for conducting research is to solve practical problems of practice such as supporting students with disabilities. Positive Behavioral Intervention Supports and Response to Intervention techniques for example use many of the procedures applicable to Action Research including planning, acting, reflecting and modifying the intervention to make improvements. Although Action Research and Mixed Methods approaches are informed by distinct literatures, it is also possible to conceptualize Action Research as a form of Mixed Methods (e.g., Christ, 2010; Ivankova, 2015). This article therefore begins by describing Action Research as a form of Mixed Methods. From there, an argument is made that Action Research can be useful for demonstrating causal explanations in special education settings. Finally, this article presents how Action Research can be used as a framework when applying for federal funds earmarked for special education

Paradigm Considerations and Mixed Methods in Social Science Research

A poster that discusses the interrelation and effects of worldviews on mixed methods research

Critical Realism and Causal Research

Dr. Christ's poster on his paper discussing the use of critical realism in mixed methods research

Antiracist Curriculum and Pedagogy: Teaching Critical Theory, Participatory Action Research, and Narrative Storytelling to Reduce Oppression

Oppression of racial groups, indigenous people, and the disabled continues to be a worldwide problem (Christ, 2007; Mertens, 2007). Historically, acts such as colonization, suppression of knowledge, language, and culture (Denzin, 2010) have resulted in whole groups being voiceless and powerless to change their social conditions. Smith (2006) argues that traditional western research does little to alleviate the oppression that these groups face. Fortunately numerous innovative research techniques have recently emerged that challenges traditional methodologies which does little to support the disenfranchised. Participatory Action Research (Rahman, 2008), Auto-Ethnography (Grbich, 2007), and Narrative Storytelling (Meyer, 2004) are three of the methodologies that have emerged to overshadow the western-based research methods promoted in postsecondary institutions that have done little to alleviate the imbalances in power and authority over the disenfranchised. This chapter highlights the importance of teaching research inclusive of a critical transformative and emancipatory paradigm (Kemmis, 2008; Greene, 2007) that is used to frame research methodologies that better meet the needs of disenfranchised minorities. This chapter also advocates for postsecondary institutions to advance more inclusive curricula designed to brings voice to the oppressed while providing students the skills they need to help advocate for the causes they believe in