Nosotros, el medio: cómo las audiencias están modelando el futuro de la noticias y la información

70 p.: il.Libro ElectrónicoHay tres maneras de ver cómo es informada una sociedad. La primera es que las personas son crédulas y leerán, escucharán o verán casi todo. La segunda es que la mayoría de las personas requieren un intermediario informado para decirles qué es bueno, importante o significativo. La tercera es que las personas son muy inteligentes. Dados los medios, pueden organizar las cosas para sí mismas y encontrar su propia versión de la verdad. Los medios han llegado. La verdad está afuera. A lo largo de la historia, el acceso a las noticias y la información ha sido un privilegio concedido a poderosas instituciones con la autoridad o la riqueza para dominar la distribución. En los dos siglos anteriores, una prensa independiente ha servido como defensor de la sociedad y su derecho a saber, un papel esencial durante una era de tolerancia democrática. En algún nivel, Nosotros, el medio revelará algo sobre la sociedad y la forma en que las personas aprenden de los otrosEstamos en el comienzo de la Edad Dorada del periodismo –pero no es periodismo como lo hemos conocido hasta ahora–. Los futurólogos de medios han pronosticado que para el año 2021 "los ciudadanos producirán colaborativamente el 50 por ciento de las noticias". Sin embargo, los medios tradicionales tienen todavía que adoptar o experimentar significativamente con estas nuevas formas de noticias. Históricamente, a los periodistas les ha sido encomendado informar a la democracia. Pero su futuro dependerá no solo de qué tan bien lo hagan sino también de cómo estimulen y hagan posible el diálogo con los ciudadanos. Ese es el desafío. Este informe plantea importantes consideraciones cuando se explora un esfuerzo colaborativo entre la audiencia y un medio tradicional.Contexto cultural: detrás de la explosión. --Cómo está tomando forma el periodismo participativo. -- Las reglas de la participación. --Implicaciones para los medios y el periodismo. -- Beneficios potenciales de ‘Nosotros, el Medio’. --Cómo podrían responder los medios

From XML to XML: The why and how of making the biodiversity literature accessible to researchers

We present the ABLE document collection, which consists of a set of annotated volumes of the Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). These follow our work on automating the markup of scanned copies of the biodiversity literature, for the purpose of supporting working taxonomists. We consider an enhanced TEI XML markup language, which is used as an intermediate stage in translating from the initial XML obtained from Optical Character Recognition to the target taXMLit. The intermediate representation allows additional information from external sources such as a taxonomic thesaurus to be incorporated before the final translation into taXMLit

Cluster Typologies and Firm Survival: Complementary and Substitutive Effects

Agglomerations, or clusters, are typically defined as the idea that firms can benefit from shared locations through mutual knowledge, labor pools, and suppliers, and have long been a subject of scholarly interest. However, research in geographic economics has identified a broad array of agglomeration externalities beyond such supply-side clusters, which problematizes the use of the term cluster to refer to any geographic grouping of firms. Clusters can be groups of firms from the same country ( country-of-origin clusters), demand side (clustering to lower search costs for customers), Jacobsian clusters (tight groups of diverse firms), internal (groupings of firms from the same parent company), or urban (focused in areas of high population density). Since the nature of inter-firm interactions should differ in each type of agglomeration, our study contributes to the agglomeration literature by identifying complementary and substitutive relationships between agglomeration typologies. Specifically, we extend prior work which has examined the mutual effects of Jacobsian and Marshallian externalities by attempting to answer our research question, i.e., what combination of agglomeration externalities consistently leads to firm survival? Using establishment-level data from the software and clothing industries in the state of Texas, we identify multiple combinations of cluster types (and their absence) which lead to firm survival on a consistent basis. The results find several combinations of causal mechanisms that lead to the equifinal outcome of firm survival. Our configurations exceed levels supported by prior literature with PRI scores over .7 and coverage scores between .05 and .109.https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/gradposters2023_business/1001/thumbnail.jp

Slack, Location, Diversification, or R&D Intensity? How the Most (and Least) Innovative Firms Deploy Resources

Firms frequently innovate by recombining knowledge components. Through bringing together diverse scientific or technological concepts, firms can reassemble these extant knowledge components into novel and useful innovations. At the same time, many of the mechanisms firms use to recombine knowledge components carry substantial agency costs. When firms conduct research and development, diversify, hold slack resources, or locate near close competitors, they become vulnerable to misappropriation of investor resources due to opportunistic actions by agents. Using patent citation data from semiconductor firms, we study how firms, which consistently produce high-quality innovations, balance the need for knowledge recombination with the need to protect investors from opportunism. Our results indicate that, consistent with an agency lens, innovative firms operate under a significant debt load. Consistent with the knowledge recombination perspective, however, innovative firms typically engage in multiple activities that lead to innovation via knowledge recombination.https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/gradposters2023_business/1002/thumbnail.jp

Leveraging auxiliary data from arbitrary distributions to boost GWAS discovery with Flexible cFDR.

Funder: GlaxoSmithKlineGenome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified thousands of genetic variants that are associated with complex traits. However, a stringent significance threshold is required to identify robust genetic associations. Leveraging relevant auxiliary covariates has the potential to boost statistical power to exceed the significance threshold. Particularly, abundant pleiotropy and the non-random distribution of SNPs across various functional categories suggests that leveraging GWAS test statistics from related traits and/or functional genomic data may boost GWAS discovery. While type 1 error rate control has become standard in GWAS, control of the false discovery rate can be a more powerful approach. The conditional false discovery rate (cFDR) extends the standard FDR framework by conditioning on auxiliary data to call significant associations, but current implementations are restricted to auxiliary data satisfying specific parametric distributions, typically GWAS p-values for related traits. We relax these distributional assumptions, enabling an extension of the cFDR framework that supports auxiliary covariates from arbitrary continuous distributions ("Flexible cFDR"). Our method can be applied iteratively, thereby supporting multi-dimensional covariate data. Through simulations we show that Flexible cFDR increases sensitivity whilst controlling FDR after one or several iterations. We further demonstrate its practical potential through application to an asthma GWAS, leveraging various functional genomic data to find additional genetic associations for asthma, which we validate in the larger, independent, UK Biobank data resource

Synthesis of Diarylheptanoid Scaffolds Inspired by Calyxins I and J

γ,δ-Unsaturated alcohols are prepared efficiently in two steps from <i>o</i>-hydroxycinnamaldehyde. The TMSOTf-mediated reaction of the γ,δ-unsaturated alcohols with aldehydes creates two oxygen heterocycles and three new stereocenters in a single pot. The approach is versatile, and by varying the boronic acid, Grignard reagent, and aldehyde, different substituents may be introduced, while use of a chiral base in the conjugate addition gives enantioenriched products

The effects of co-viewing children’s educational programming on parental communication patterns

The purpose of this study was to examine the potential impact that children’s educational television programs can have on parents’ communications with their children when they co-view such programming together. The literature review provided a rich foundation of research on education television. Studies showed many positive effects can be observed when children view appropriate amounts of curriculum-based programs, such as Sesame Street (Gentzkow & Shapiro, 2006), and these effects were amplified when a parent or caregiver co-views the programs with them (Fujioka & Austin, 2002). This study added to the existing body of research by focusing on how parents were impacted by this activity. Parents of children in kindergarten through second grade at two downtown public elementary schools in Chattanooga, Tennessee, were asked to participate in the study. Parents were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. First, a pre-test was taken before any viewing took place. The intervention consisted of instructions that asked parents in the experimental group to co-view educational materials provided on DVD with their children, while parents in the control group were asked only to allow their children to view the materials (no instruction given on co-viewing). Then the same survey was given as a post-test along with additional open-ended questions about the experience. The data collected were analyzed to determine what difference might exist between these two groups, along with differences between parents of higher and lower socioeconomic status, and parents who co-view more or less frequently. The findings from this study revealed some statistically significant results for differences in parental perceptions of co-viewing. These differences may indicate that parents who particpated in the co-viewing experience may have experienced an increase in perceived benefits of co-viewing with their children. Qualitative data gathered also revealed an overall high regard for co-viewing, but many noted the time constraints associated. This study provided a deeper insight into parental attitudes toward co-viewing and may be useful for educators and producers of educational content