Musculoskeletal impairments caused by genocide-related violence in Rwanda.

<p>Musculoskeletal impairments caused by genocide-related violence in Rwanda.</p

1990–1994 war-related trauma by age group and gender.

<p>1990–1994 war-related trauma by age group and gender.</p

Supplementary Information.docx from Time-dependent ECM alterations of young tendons in response to stress relaxation—a model for the Ponseti method

The Ponseti method corrects a clubfoot by manipulation and casting which causes stress relaxation on the tendons. Here, we examined the effect of long-term stress relaxation on tendon extracellular matrix (ECM) by an (1) ex vivo stress relaxation test, (2) an in vitro tenocyte culture with stress relaxation and (3) an in vivo rabbit study. Time-dependent tendon lengthening and ECM alterations including crimp angle reduction and cleaved elastin were observed, which illustrated the mechanism of tissue lengthening behind the treatment—a material-based crimp angle reduction resulted from elastin cleavage. Additionally, in vitro and in vivo results observed restoration of these ECM alterations along with increased elastin level after 7 days of treatment, and the existence of neovascularization and inflammation, indicating the recovery and adaptation from the tendon in reaction to the treatment. Overall, this study provides the scientific background and information that helps explain the Ponseti method

Full result of DEA by country.

(PDF)</p

Relationship between surgical efficiency and production factors using Tobit and two-stage bootstrap models.

(PDF)</p

Relative weights of production factors using CSW-DEA.

Relative weights of production factors using CSW-DEA.</p

Comparison of core indicators by country and region.

Yellow, names of provinces/regions. Green, regional population (million). Brown, PIPES index scores. Teal, surgical volume. Red, efficiency score. Information of regional population adapted from 2018 Population and Housing Census [32 (p12)], 2019 Tanzania in Figures [33 (p19)], and Population and Demographic Projections 2011–2035 [34 (p31, 32)]. Reprinted from Tableau Desktop 2020 under a CC BY license, with permission from © 2021 Mapbox © OpenStreetMap.</p

Data for analysis.

(ZIP)</p

Average value of input slacks by efficiency and country.

(PDF)</p

Relationship between surgical productivity and production factors–quantile regression at 25^th, 50^th, and 75^th percentiles.

(PDF)</p