Soliton solutions of an integrable nonlinear Schrödinger equation with quintic terms

We present the fifth-order equation of the nonlinear Schrodinger hierarchy. This integrable partial differential ¨ equation contains fifth-order dispersion and nonlinear terms related to it. We present the Lax pair and use Darboux transformations to derive exact expressions for the most representative soliton solutions. This set includes two-soliton collisions and the degenerate case of the two-soliton solution, as well as beating structures composed of two or three solitons. Ultimately, the new quintic operator and the terms it adds to the standard nonlinear Schrodinger equation (NLSE) are found to primarily affect the velocity of solutions, with complicated ¨ flow-on effects. Furthermore, we present a new structure, composed of coincident equal-amplitude solitons, which cannot exist for the standard NLSE.The authors acknowledge the support of the Australian Research Council (Discovery Project No. DP140100265). N.A. and A.A. acknowledge support from the Volkswagen Stiftung and A.C. acknowledges Endeavour Postgraduate Award support

Overall Performance of Malaysian Futures Market: Evidence Using Crude Palm Oil and Stock Index Futures Contract

This research analysed four important issues relating to the efficiency of futures market, namely pricing characteristics, informational role, arbitrage efficiency and hedging performance of two important derivative products namely crude palm oil futures (CPO) and stock index futures contracts (SIF). Daily data on CPO contracts for the calendar years 1987 through 1998 and 1996 through 1999 for stock index contracts were used. Several hypotheses concerning the pricing behaviour of futures contracts (CPO and SIF) were tested to ascertain whether the pricing behaviour is consistent with theory in the context of an emerging market. The fmding suggests that the pricing behaviour of CPO futures is consistent with theory over the whole period of analysis. And the liquidity increased with volume for the CPO futures. Delivery month does not have any significant impact on price volatility. For stock index futures, the pricing behaviour is not stable over time possibly due to the financial crisis (July 1997 to September 1998) and/or more importantly, due to the learning period effect. The liquidity of this contract did not increase with the increase in volume probably due to the lack of speculators. Excepting in a sub-period (1993-1995), the findings suggest that information is a major determinant of cash price movement of CPO contracts. For stock index futures, significant informational linkages between cash and futures prices is observed only after the financial crisis. There was no informational link between cash and futures markets before the crisis. In terms of arbitrage efficiency, the CPO futures show weak arbitrage activity. Spot volatility reduces the spread between cash and futures though it was not simultaneous while futures volatility does not have an important role in reducing the spread. For stock index futures, spot volatility as well as futures volatility simultaneously reduces the spread in the post crisis period. In the pre crisis period, these contracts showe

Breather solutions of the integrable quintic nonlinear Schrödinger equation and their interactions

We present breather solutions of the quintic integrable equation of the Schrödinger hierarchy. This equation has terms describing fifth-order dispersion and matching nonlinear terms. Using a Darboux transformation, we derive first-order and second-order breather solutions. These include first- and second-order rogue-wave solutions. To some extent, these solutions are analogous with the corresponding nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) solutions. However, the presence of a free parameter in the equation results in specific solutions that have no analogues in the NLSE case. We analyze new features of these solutions

Solutions of the higher-order Manakov-type continuous and discrete equations

We derive exact and approximate localized solutions for the Manakov-type continuous and discrete equations. We establish the correspondence between the solutions of the coupled Ablowitz-Ladik equations and the solutions of the coupled higher-order Manakov equations.The authors acknowledge the support of the ARC (Discovery Project DP140100265). N.A. and A.A. acknowledge the support of the Volkswagen Stiftung, while A.C. is grateful for support through an Endeavour Fellowship

Assessing rural consumers’ WTP for orange, biofortified maize in Ghana with experimental auctions and a simulated radio message

Deficiencies of micronutrients such as vitamin A are widespread, expecially in Africa. Biofortified crops such as maize, bred for high levels of provitamin A might offer a solution, but these crops are often bright orange, and African maize consumers prefer white. To estimate the consumers interest in orange biofortified maize, sensory evaluations were organized in rural Ghana with white, yellow and orange maize. The effect of information on willingness to pay for biofortification was estimated using a simulated radio message. Results indicate that color preferences are highly regional, wide variation exist within regions, and the provision of information is able to change these preferences. The color of biofortified maize should therefore not be seen as major impediment, but proper information messages should be targeted at the right channels such as rural radio.maize, biofortification, consumers, experimental auction, sensory evaluation, Crop Production/Industries, Demand and Price Analysis,

Rogue waves and other solutions of single and coupled Ablowitz–Ladik and nonlinear Schrödinger equations

We provide a simple technique for finding the correspondence between the solutions of Ablowitz–Ladik and nonlinear Schrodinger equations. Even though they belong to different classes, in that one is continuous and one is discrete, there are matching solutions. This fact allows us to discern common features and obtain solutions of the continuous equation from solutions of the discrete equation. We consider several examples. We provide tables, with selected solutions, which allow us to easily match the pairs of solutions. We show that our technique can be extended to the case of coupled Ablowitz–Ladik and nonlinear Schrodinger (i.e. Manakov) equations. We provide some new solutions

Epitaxy of Fe3O4 on Si(001) by pulsed laser deposition using a TiN/MgO buffer layer

Epitaxy of oxide materials on silicon (Si) substrates is of great interest for future functional devices using the large variety of physical properties of the oxides as ferroelectricity, ferromagnetism, or superconductivity. Recently, materials with high spin polarization of the charge carriers have become interesting for semiconductor-oxide hybrid devices in spin electronics. Here, we report on pulsed laser deposition of magnetite (Fe3O4) on Si(001) substrates cleaned by an in situ laser beam high temperature treatment. After depositing a double buffer layer of titanium nitride (TiN) and magnesium oxide (MgO), a high quality epitaxial magnetite layer can be grown as verified by RHEED intensity oscillations and high resolution x-ray diffraction.Comment: submitte

Exact Solution of a Reaction-Diffusion Model with Particle Number Conservation

We analytically investigate a 1d branching-coalescing model with reflecting boundaries in a canonical ensemble where the total number of particles on the chain is conserved. Exact analytical calculations show that the model has two different phases which are separated by a second-order phase transition. The thermodynamic behavior of the canonical partition function of the model has been calculated exactly in each phase. Density profiles of particles have also been obtained explicitly. It is shown that the exponential part of the density profiles decay on three different length scales which depend on total density of particles.Comment: 7 pages, REVTEX4, Contents updated and new references added, to appear in Physical Review

Productivity and spillover effect of merger and acquisitions in Malaysia

Purpose: This paper aims to examine the productivity and spillover effect of Malaysian horizontal merger and acquisition (M&A) activities in the long run. Design/methodology/approach: In terms of analytical tools, economic value added (EVA) and data envelopment analysis (DEA) are used. Findings: The results of this study reveal that M&As in the absence of antitrust laws could be driven by managerial self-interest to create market power instead of realizing synergistic gains. Also, in Malaysia, the non-merging rival firms have significantly higher productivity improvement than the control bidder firms, and therefore, this study has identified the spillover effect as a behavior of M&A reaction. Originality/value: This paper differs from previous studies in that it attempts not only to examine the real long-term gains of horizontal M&A activities in Malaysia but also the spillover effects of M&A activities on similar but non-merging firms