Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus – The Novelly Potential Therapeutic Drugs

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eHealth interventions for people with chronic kidney disease

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (Intervention). The objectives are as follows: This review aims to look at the benefits and harms of using eHealth interventions in the CKD population

NASA Human Exploration Rover Challenge

NASA\u27s Human Exploration Rover Challenge, held annually in at the Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama, is an engineering design challenge that asks teams of student engineers to design a human-powered vehicle capable of traversing a simulated lunar surface. The rover must be able to be transported in a 5x5x5 foot cube, echoing the design constraint faced by the engineers who built the Lunar Roving Vehicles used by the astronauts of the later Apollo missions

Error margin analysis for feature gene extraction

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Feature gene extraction is a fundamental issue in microarray-based biomarker discovery. It is normally treated as an optimization problem of finding the best predictive feature genes that can effectively and stably discriminate distinct types of disease conditions, e.g. tumors and normals. Since gene microarray data normally involves thousands of genes at, tens or hundreds of samples, the gene extraction process may fall into local optimums if the gene set is optimized according to the maximization of classification accuracy of the classifier built from it.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In this paper, we propose a novel gene extraction method of error margin analysis to optimize the feature genes. The proposed algorithm has been tested upon one synthetic dataset and two real microarray datasets. Meanwhile, it has been compared with five existing gene extraction algorithms on each dataset. On the synthetic dataset, the results show that the feature set extracted by our algorithm is the closest to the actual gene set. For the two real datasets, our algorithm is superior in terms of balancing the size and the validation accuracy of the resultant gene set when comparing to other algorithms.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Because of its distinct features, error margin analysis method can stably extract the relevant feature genes from microarray data for high-performance classification.</p

The Effects Of Caffeine On Early Second Half Sprint Performance In NCAA DIII Women’s Soccer Players

Objective The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of caffeine on early second half sprint performance in 21 NCAA DIII women’s soccer players. The caffeine dosage attempted to approximate a liquid dosage many student athletes typically consume. Design In a randomized double blind repeated measures design, subjects began the protocol after ingestion of caplets containing 3 mg.kg-1 of caffeine (CAF) and after ingestion of placebo (PLA) caplets. Pre-game, warm-up, and first half conditions were designed to maximize external validity. Methods An adapted version of the Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test was applied to replicate first half activity. Sprint performance was measured with the Running Based Anaerobic Sprint Test. Mean power, maximum power, and minimum power, were assessed under each condition. Repeated measures MANOVA was used to determine if there were significant mean vector differences between the trials. Results Although mean, maximum, and minimum power in the CAF trial increased 3.2%, 3.4%, and 4% respectively, MANOVA results showed no statistically significant differences in the mean vector for power variables (Λ = .752, p \u3e .05). Conclusions The lack of statistical significance in this study is likely attributed to the relationship between a small, although contextually plausible, relative caffeine dosage and an extended exercise time. The results also suggest caffeine ingestion of 3 mg.kg-1 should not be considered capable of improving sprint performance at the start of the second half

Targeted, structured text messaging to improve dietary and lifestyle behaviours for people on maintenance haemodialysis (KIDNEYTEXT): Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

Introduction Managing nutrition is critical for reducing morbidity and mortality in patients on haemodialysis but adherence to the complex dietary restrictions remains problematic. Innovative interventions to enhance the delivery of nutritional care are needed. The aim of this phase II trial is to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of a targeted mobile phone text messaging system to improve dietary and lifestyle behaviours in patients on long-term haemodialysis. Methods and analysis Single-blinded randomised controlled trial with 6 months of follow-up in 130 patients on haemodialysis who will be randomised to either standard care or KIDNEYTEXT. The KIDNEYTEXT intervention group will receive three text messages per week for 6 months. The text messages provide customised dietary information and advice based on renal dietary guidelines and general healthy eating dietary guidelines, and motivation and support to improve behaviours. The primary outcome is feasibility including recruitment rate, drop-out rate, adherence to renal dietary recommendations, participant satisfaction and a process evaluation using semistructured interviews with a subset of purposively sampled participants. Secondary and exploratory outcomes include a range of clinical and behavioural outcomes and a healthcare utilisation cost analysis will be undertaken. Ethics and dissemination The study has been approved by the Western Sydney Local Health District Human Research Ethics Committee-Westmead. Results will be presented at scientific meetings and published in peer-reviewed publications. Trial registration number ACTRN12617001084370; Pre-results

Hematologic and Chemical Changes Observed during and after Cardiac Arrest in a Canine Model—A Pilot Study

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/90335/1/phco.21.15.1187.33899.pd

Inhibitory Learning with Bidirectional Outcomes: Prevention Learning or Causal Learning in the Opposite Direction?

Influential models of causal learning assume that learning about generative and preventive relationships are symmetrical to each other. That is, a preventive cue directly prevents an outcome from occurring (i.e., “direct” prevention) in the same way a generative cue directly causes an outcome to occur. However, previous studies from our lab have shown that many participants do not infer a direct prevention causal structure after feature-negative discrimination (A+/AB–) with a unidirectional outcome (Lee & Lovibond, 2021). Melchers et al. (2006) suggested that the use of a bidirectional outcome that can either increase or decrease from baseline, encourages direct prevention learning. Here we test an alternative possibility that a bidirectional outcome encourages encoding of a 'generative' relationship in the 'opposite' direction, where B directly causes a decrease in the outcome. Thus, previous evidence of direct prevention learning using bidirectional outcomes may instead be explained by some participants inferring an “Opposite Causal” structure. In two experiments, participants did indeed report an opposite causal structure. In Experiment 1, these participants showed the lowest outcome predictions when B was combined with a novel cause in a summation test, and lowest outcome predictions when B was presented alone. In Experiment 2, B successfully blocked learning to a novel cue that was directly paired with a reduction in the outcome, and this effect was strongest among participants who endorsed an Opposite Causal structure. We conclude that previous evidence of direct prevention learning using bidirectional outcomes may be a product of excitatory rather than inhibitory learning