Clinical study on ectopic pregnancy

Background: Ectopic pregnancy is a life-threatening emergency which is one of the important cause of maternal morbidity and mortality in early pregnancy. Ectopic pregnancy must be suspected in any woman in the reproductive age group, presenting with lower abdominal pain or vaginal bleeding. It is of great importance to diagnose the condition early to prevent complications. The aim of the study is to review all cases of ectopic pregnancy and determine the incidence, high risk factors, types of clinical presentation and mode of management in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: A retrospective study conducted on 108 patients of ectopic pregnancy admitted at obstetrics and gynaecology department, civil hospital Ahmedabad from January 2021 to June 2022. Results: In this study 108 patients, diagnosed with ectopic pregnancy observed during the study period, with an incidence of 1.09%. Majority of women were aged 20-30 years (45.3%) and multiparous (59.25%). The 66.6% cases were ruptured ectopic. The most common risk factors were pelvic inflammatory disease (16.7%), past history of infertility (14.8%) and IUCD (12.03%). Lower abdominal pain was seen in 98 (90.74%) patients and pallor was seen in 84 (77.78%). Majority of patients had tubal ectopic pregnancies. Most common mode of treatment was unilateral salpingectomy (79.62%). Conclusions: Ectopic pregnancy is leading cause of maternal mortality in first trimester. Safe sexual practices can reduce pelvic infections and ectopic pregnancy incidences. Early diagnosis before tubal rupture can reduce morbidity and mortality in ectopic pregnancy

Effect Of Surfactant Chain Length Difference In Mixed Surfactant Systems On Self Emulsification Of Poorly Soluble Drug

In the present investigation the effect of chain length difference (Δn) of different surfactant mixtures was evaluated on self emulsifying capability of self emulsifying drug delivery system of aceclofenac. Three surfactants of Tween series namely Tween 20, Tween 40 and Tween 80 were used for the study. The lipid carrier used was almond oil. Surfactant mixtures were prepared by combining Tween 20 and Tween 80 (Δn=6), Tween 20 and Tween 40 (Δn=4), Tween 40 and Tween 80 (Δn=2) in definite proportion. Pseudoternary diagram study was carried out to determine the surfactant mixture which provides the largest microemulsifying region. The pseudoternary diagram study revealed that the microemulsifying region increases as the difference in chain length increases. So, Tween 80 and Tween 20 were selected for formulation development, the proportion of which is further optimized by simplex lattice design. The formulations were prepared and subjected to different evaluation parameters. The optimized formulation has a particle size of 68.95 nm and zeta potential of -15.3 mV

d0 Ferromagnetism in Li-doped ZnO Compounds

Recently, d0 ferromagnetic materials have been projected as one of the promising novel materials for spintronics applications. In this work, we have studied Li-doped ZnO compounds, i.e. Zn1-xLixO (x=0, 0.02, 0.04, and 0.06) samples, prepared by the solid-state reaction route method. From the study of crystal structure using X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, it is evident that the prepared materials have been formed in a single-phase of the hexagonal wurtzite structure. The refinement of the XRD patterns suggests that there are very small changes in the lattice parameters upon Li-incorporation in ZnO. The average crystallite size (SC), estimated from XRD patterns was found to be in the range of 35-50 nm. The microstructural study by scanning electron microscope reveals the uniform morphology of the grains of the order of 50-70 nm. The energy dispersive spectrum indicates that no unwanted ferromagnetic impurities have crept into the final prepared samples. The measurement of the temperature (T) variation of magnetization (M) with SQUID magnetometer indicates that undoped ZnO exhibits diamagnetic property but all Li-doped compounds exhibit room-temperature ferromagnetism and with a magnetic irreversibility behavior between zero-field cooled and field cooled M-T data. From the magnetization versus field measurements at 3 and 300 K, it is observed that Li-doped samples exhibit ferromagnetic loops with ultra-soft coercivity (~50 Oe) and with a maximum saturation magnetization of 0.10 emu/gm for x= 0.02 sample, which decreases with the increase in Li concentration.Comment: 16 page

Chemical Stabilisation of Sand Part IX: Orthophthalate type Unsaturated Polyester Resin for Inducing Fast setting Behaviour and High Strength

Polymer concrete composites have been made from orthophthalate-type unsaturated polyester resin, methyl ethyl ketone peroxide as initiator, cobalt naphthenate as accelerator and desert sand as filler. Composites preferred using resin (10-25 per cent), initiator (4 per cent) and accelerator (2 per cent) with representative desert sand samples of different particle sizes (0.2-0.02 mm, 2-0.2 mm and 4-2 mm) as filler recorded unconfined compression strength ranging from 4 to 442 kg/cm/sup 2/ after curing at 50 degree centigrade in an oven for 0.5-24 h. Using coarse and fine sand samples with 10 and 15 per cent resin systems the maximum strength of 391 and 326 kg/cm/sup 2/ respectively was attained after 2 h of curing at 50 degree centigrade. The fast setting resin system with strength in this range is quite adequate for the construction of chemically stabilised surfaces, which withstand trafficability of vehicles, operation of helicopters and aircraft's requiring a maximum strength up to 275 kg/cm/sup 2/. These composites may prove useful for rapid repair of roads, helipads and runways damaged during operational activities. A mathematical model has been developed for predicting resin percentage needed for obtaining composite material of requisite strength. The observed and model predicted values have been found to show close agreement

Psychosis as the sole presenting feature of hyperthyroidism: a case report

Thyroid disease is a very common entity with a wide range of presentation, We report a case of twenty six year old female presented to emergency room with frank psychosis over the course of her stay in hospital we investigated thoroughly and finally she turned out to be a case of hyperthyroidism with psychosis as the only presenting symptom and after starting her on carbimazole patient responded to the treatment remarkably

Investigation of aqueous slurry erosion-corrosion behaviour of Tantalum in different pH solutions

Erosion-corrosion behaviour of pure Tantalum (Ta) was investigated using corrosive slurry solutions (pH 4, 7, and 10) containing 7 wt% SiC as erodent particles. Tests were carried out using an impinging jet erosion-corrosion apparatus with a jet velocity of 5 ms−1 and at two impact angles (30° and 90°). Under particle bombardment conditions, a marked reduction in corrosion resistance offered by Ta was observed amid a significant cathodic shift in the ECorr values for all pH values investigated. Results showed that interaction between erosion and corrosion was higher under 30° impact leading to a higher rate of material removal. On the contrary, negative synergism was observed for experimental conditions of normal impact for pH 7 and pH 10. Scanning electron microscopy studies revealed typical ductile erosion mechanisms of material removal which consisted of dominating micro-cutting for 30° and plastic deformation resulting in lip formation for normal impact angle. These appeared to be assisted by dissolution of weakened areas and passive layer removal as corrosion mechanisms. Potentiostatic erosion-corrosion experiments were utilised for calculation of synergistic and antagonistic effects and have been presented in the paper

Preliminary investigation of slurry erosion behaviour of tantalum

Frequent premature failure of the ISIS spallation neutron source target prompted the investigation of previously unexplored aqueous slurry erosion response of pure tantalum (Ta) with an overarching aim to improve the service life of the target; hence, reducing the disposal of radioactive waste. Understanding such response of Ta is highly significant to many other applications such as nuclear and chemical processing. In this study, powder-metallurgically manufactured pure Ta was investigated with the help of an impinging jet aqueous slurry erosion apparatus using silicon carbide particles at a range of concentration, impact velocity, and incident angle. Results revealed a unique material removal mechanism consisting formation of extensive voids/cavities all over the eroded surface. These mechanisms are discussed considering the theories of solid particle erosion and the grain boundary sliding behaviour of Ta under localised indentation loading

Modelling the atmospheric dispersion of radiotracers in small-scale, controlled detonations: validation of dispersion models using field test data

A series of modelling exercises, based on field tests conducted in the Czech Republic, were carried out by the ‘Urban’ Working Groups as part of the International Atomic Energy Agency’s Environmental Modelling for Radiation Safety II, Modelling and Data for Radiological Impact Assessment (MODARIA) I and MODARIA II international data compilation and model validation programmes. In the first two of these programmes, data from a series of field tests involving dispersion of a radiotracer, 99mTc, from small-scale, controlled detonations were used in a comparison of model predictions with field measurements of deposition. In the third programme, data from a similar field test, involving dispersion of 140La instead of 99mTc, were used. Use of longer-lived 140La as a radiotracer allowed a greater number of measurements to be made over a greater distance from the dispersion point and in more directions than was possible for the earlier tests involving shorter-lived 99mTc. The modelling exercises included both intercomparison of model predictions from several participants and comparison of model predictions with the measured data. Several models (HotSpot, LASAIR, ADDAM/CSA-ERM, plus some research models) were used in the comparisons, which demonstrated the challenges of modelling dispersion of radionuclides from detonations and the need for appropriate meteorological measurements