Efficacy of hydro-methanolic extract of Neolamarckia cadamba bark over hematological & biochemical parameters of Wistar albino rats and against microorganisms

263-268Activity of the hydro-methanolic (HM) extract of Neolamarckia cadamba bark was studied over hematological and biochemical parameters of Wistar albino rats as well as its antimicrobial potential was tested against certain bacterial (Gram positive: S. aureus & B. subtilis, Gram negative: E. coli & P. aeruginosa) and fungal strains (A. niger & C. albicans). Efficacy of HM extract of N. cadamba bark over hematological and biochemical parameters was carried out using four groups containing six Wistar albino rats: Gp-I as control (without fed), Gp-II, Gp-III and Gp-IV were orally fed with HM extract of N. cadamba bark with different concentrations of 125 mg/Kg, 250 mg/Kg and 500 mg/Kg bwt, respectively. Study revealed significant increase (p<0.01) in level of red blood cells (RBC), haemoglobin (Hb), total leukocyte count (TLC) and packed cell volume (PCV) of Gp-II, III and IV when compared to control (Gp-I). Dose dependent progression in hematological indices values was observed. TLC values of animals of Gp-IV were found to be more increased in comparison with other hematological values of animals of other groups. Dose dependent significant decrease (p<0.01) in glucose and total cholesterol value of treated groups was found with respect to control. Concentration of two liver enzymes ALT/SGPT (alanine amino transferase), AST/SGOT (aspartate amino transferase) and amount of albumin, urea, creatinine and bilirubin of treated groups was not significantly different from control. Study suggested significant (p<0.01) antimicrobial activity towards C. albicans, A. niger, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, B. subtilis & S. aureus. Study revealed the synergistic efficacy of phytochemicals present in hydro-methanolic extract of N. cadamba bark for health benefits

Evaluation of Biomedical Waste Management Practices in Multispeciality Tertiary Hospital

Background: Biomedical waste collection and proper disposal has become significant concern for medical and general community. The scientific hospital waste management is a vital importance as its improper management poses risk to healthcare workers, waste handlers, patients, community in general and largely the environment.Aims and Objectives: (i.)To assess current practices of biomedical waste management including generation, collection, transportation, storage, treatment and disposal technologies in tertiary health care center. (ii.)To assess health and safety practices for health care personal involved in biomedical waste management.Material and Method: Waste management practices in tertiary care center was study during in May 2016 to June 2016 the information/data regarding biomedical waste management practices and safety was collected by way of semi-structured interview, proforma being the one used for waste AUDITING QUESTIONNAIRE. The information collected was verified by personal observations of waste management practices in each ward of hospital.The information collected was verified by personal observation of waste management practices in each wards of hospital.Results: MMCH (Muzaffarnagar medical college and hospital) generates 1.25 kg wastes per bed per day and maximum waste is generated in wards. The hospital has got separate colour coded bins in each ward for collection of waste but segregation practices need to be more refined.The safety measure taken by health care workers was not satisfactory, it was not due to unavailability of personal protective measures but because un-awareness of health hazards which may occur due to improper waste management practices.Thus it concluded that there should be strict implementation of waste management policy set up in the hospital, training and motivation must be given paramount impotence to meet the current needs and standards of biomedical waste-management

Immunosuppressive and anti-cancer potential of aqueous extract of Solanum Xanthocarpum

451-457In this study whole plant aqueous extract of Solanum Xanthocarpum (HAESX) was investigated to assess its effect on humoral immune response along with interleukin-2 (IL-2) production and its expression in Wistar albino rats splenocytes culture. Anticancer potential of HAESX was investigated using rat lever hepatoma (N1S1 cancerous cell line). The effect of HAESX over humoral immune response was studied using four groups of five animals each (Group-I as control, Group -II orally fed with 125 mg/kg body weight, Group -III orally fed with 250 mg/kg body weight and Group -IV orally fed with 500 mg/kg body weight of HAESX). Quantification of IL-2 was done by sandwich ELISA and its expression was detected by the real time PCR. SRB assay (Sulforhodamine B) was done for detecting the effect of HAESX on N1S1 cell line. Dose dependent decrease in antibody titer was observed and production of IL-2 was also decreased significantly. Suppression of IL-2 production at 250 µg/mL and 500 µg/mL dose was also confirmed by the Real time PCR. Relative fold change in the expression of IL-2 gene was 592.22 and 10.77 at 250, 500 μg/mL HAESX concentrations respectively with respect to control. Dose dependent suppression of percent growth of N1S1 cells with increasing concentrations (10, 20, 40 and 80 µg/mL) of HAESX was found. It was concluded that S. xanthocarpum have the immunosuppressive, and anti cancer activity that can be further explore in treatment of various inflammatory and autoimmune disease

Immunosuppressive and anti-cancer potential of aqueous extract of Solanum Xanthocarpum

In this study whole plant aqueous extract of Solanum Xanthocarpum (HAESX) was investigated to assess its effect on humoral immune response along with interleukin-2 (IL-2) production and its expression in Wistar albino rats splenocytes culture. Anticancer potential of HAESX was investigated using rat lever hepatoma (N1S1 cancerous cell line). The effect of HAESX over humoral immune response was studied using four groups of five animals each (Group-I as control, Group -II orally fed with 125 mg/kg body weight, Group -III orally fed with 250 mg/kg body weight and Group -IV orally fed with 500 mg/kg body weight of HAESX). Quantification of IL-2 was done by sandwich ELISA and its expression was detected by the real time PCR. SRB assay (Sulforhodamine B) was done for detecting the effect of HAESX on N1S1 cell line. Dose dependent decrease in antibody titer was observed and production of IL-2 was also decreased significantly. Suppression of IL-2 production at 250 µg/mL and 500 µg/mL dose was also confirmed by the Real time PCR. Relative fold change in the expression of IL-2 gene was 592.22 and 10.77 at 250, 500 μg/mL HAESX concentrations respectively with respect to control. Dose dependent suppression of percent growth of N1S1 cells with increasing concentrations (10, 20, 40 and 80 µg/mL) of HAESX was found. It was concluded that S. xanthocarpum have the immunosuppressive, and anti cancer activity that can be further explore in treatment of various inflammatory and autoimmune disease

Internal Flow Choking in Cardiovascular System: A Radical Theory in the Risk Assessment of Asymptomatic Cardiovascular Diseases

The theoretical discovery of Sanal flow choking in the cardiovascular system (CVS) demands for interdisciplinary studies and universal actions to propose modern medications and to discover new drugs to annul the risk of flow-choking leading to shock-wave generation causing asymptomatic-cardiovascular-diseases. In this chapter we show that when blood-pressure-ratio (BPR) reaches the lower-critical-hemorrhage-index (LCHI) the flow-choking could occur in the CVS with and without stent. The flow-choking is uniquely regulated by the biofluid/blood-heat-capacity-ratio (BHCR). The BHCR is well correlated with BPR, blood-viscosity and ejection-fraction. The closed-form analytical models reveal that the relatively high and the low blood-viscosity are cardiovascular-risk factors. In vitro data shows that nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide gases are predominant in fresh blood samples of the human being/Guinea-pig at a temperature range of 37–40 °C (98.6–104 °F). In silico results demonstrate the occurrence of Sanal flow choking leading to shock wave generation and pressure-overshoot in CVS without any apparent occlusion. We could conclude authoritatively, without any ex vivo or in vivo studies, that the Sanal flow choking in CVS leads to asymptomatic-cardiovascular-diseases. The cardiovascular-risk could be diminished by concurrently lessening the viscosity of biofluid/blood and flow-turbulence by increasing the thermal-tolerance level in terms of BHCR and/or by decreasing the BPR

Detection of anti-Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis antibodies in thyroid and type-1 diabetes patients

49-52Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) causes granulomatous intestinal disease in animals (Johne’s diseases). MAP has also been associated with several autoimmune disorders. In this study, we screened serum samples from confirmed patients of thyroid and type 1 diabetes for the presence of antibody against MAP. We used newly developed 'cocktail ELISA' (based on recombinant secretary proteins) and extensively validated 'indigenous ELISA' (based on whole cell protoplasmic antigen) and both the tests were also compared for their diagnostic potential. A total of 90 serums samples were included of which anti-MAP antibodies was detected in 28.8% and 26.6% of samples by indigenous ELISA (iELISA) and cocktail ELISA (cELISA), respectively. There was almost perfect agreement between the two tests in detecting the anti-MAP antibodies. Study raises concern on high detection of anti-MAP antibodies in human, thus warranting necessary control measure to minimize MAP exposure in human beings

Evaluating air quality and criteria pollutants prediction disparities by data mining along a stretch of urban-rural agglomeration includes coal-mine belts and thermal power plants

Air pollution has become a threat to human life around the world since researchers have demonstrated several effects of air pollution to the environment, climate, and society. The proposed research was organized in terms of National Air Quality Index (NAQI) and air pollutants prediction using data mining algorithms for particular timeframe dataset (01 January 2019, to 01 June 2021) in the industrial eastern coastal state of India. Over half of the study period, concentrations of PM2.5, PM10 and CO were several times higher than the NAQI standard limit. NAQI, in terms of consistency and frequency analysis, revealed that moderate level (ranges 101–200) has the maximum frequency of occurrence (26–158 days), and consistency was 36%–73% throughout the study period. The satisfactory level NAQI (ranges 51–100) frequency occurrence was 4–43 days with a consistency of 13%–67%. Poor to very poor level of air quality was found 13–50 days of the year, with a consistency of 9%–25%. Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Bagged Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS) and Bayesian Regularized Neural Networks (BRNN) are the data mining algorithms, that showed higher efficiency for the prediction of PM2.5, PM10, NO2 and SO2 except for CO and O3 at Talcher and CO at Brajrajnagar. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) between observed and predicted values of PM2.5 (ranges 12.40–17.90) and correlation coefficient (r) (ranges 0.83–0.92) for training and testing data indicate about slightly better prediction of PM2.5 by RF, SVM, bagged MARS, and BRNN models at Talcher in comparison to PM2.5 RMSE (ranges 13.06–21.66) and r (ranges 0.64–0.91) at Brajrajnagar. However, PM10 (RMSE: 25.80–43.41; r: 0.57–0.90), NO2 (RMSE: 3.00–4.95; r: 0.42–0.88) and SO2 (RMSE: 2.78–5.46; r: 0.31–0.88) at Brajrajnagar are better than PM10 (RMSE: 35.40–55.33; r: 0.68–0.91), NO2 (RMSE: 4.99–9.11; r: 0.48–0.92), and SO2 (RMSE: 4.91–9.47; r: 0.20–0.93) between observed and predicted values of training and testing data at Talcher using RF, SVM, bagged MARS and BRNN models, respectively. Taylor plots demonstrated that these algorithms showed promising accuracy for predicting air quality. The findings will help scientific community and policymakers to understand the distribution of air pollutants to strategize reduction in air pollution and enhance air quality in the study region

Efficacy of hydro-methanolic extract of Neolamarckia cadamba bark over hematological &amp; biochemical parameters of Wistar albino rats and against microorganisms

Activity of the hydro-methanolic (HM) extract of Neolamarckia cadamba bark was studied over hematological and biochemical parameters of Wistar albino rats as well as its antimicrobial potential was tested against certain bacterial (Gram positive: S. aureus &amp; B. subtilis, Gram negative: E. coli &amp; P. aeruginosa) and fungal strains (A. niger &amp; C. albicans). Efficacy of HM extract of N. cadamba bark over hematological and biochemical parameters was carried out using four groups containing six Wistar albino rats: Gp-I as control (without fed), Gp-II, Gp-III and Gp-IV were orally fed with HM extract of N. cadamba bark with different concentrations of 125 mg/Kg, 250 mg/Kg and 500 mg/Kg bwt, respectively. Study revealed significant increase (p&lt;0.01) in level of red blood cells (RBC), haemoglobin (Hb), total leukocyte count (TLC) and packed cell volume (PCV) of Gp-II, III and IV when compared to control (Gp-I). Dose dependent progression in hematological indices values was observed. TLC values of animals of Gp-IV were found to be more increased in comparison with other hematological values of animals of other groups. Dose dependent significant decrease (p&lt;0.01) in glucose and total cholesterol value of treated groups was found with respect to control. Concentration of two liver enzymes ALT/SGPT (alanine amino transferase), AST/SGOT (aspartate amino transferase) and amount of albumin, urea, creatinine and bilirubin of treated groups was not significantly different from control. Study suggested significant (p&lt;0.01) antimicrobial activity towards C. albicans, A. niger, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, B. subtilis &amp; S. aureus. Study revealed the synergistic efficacy of phytochemicals present in hydro-methanolic extract of N. cadamba bark for health benefits

Immunomodulating potential of Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bark extract

Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser Miq., holistic tree, well narrated in Charak Samhita and Sushrut Samhita. Traditionally different parts of N. cadamba has been used by many communities and tribes to treat sour throat, cough, fever, infections and inflammation. Present work concern with study of immunomodulatory activities of hydro-methanolic extract (HME) of N. cadamba bark with reference to humoral and cell mediated immune responses of experimental animals. On the basis of mean body weight (g) of Wistar albino rats, their healthy status, change in their behavior, skin and fur texture, four groups- Group-I (control), Group-II (125 mg/kg HME), Group-III (250 mg/kg HME) and Group-IV (500 mg/kg HME) containing six animals each were made to determine mean serum antibody titer of treated and control groups against Salmonella typhimurium ‘O’ antigen using indirect ELISA. Determination of in vitro cell mediated immune response was done by MTT assay using optimum concentration (5 µg/mL) Con A with various concentration of HME (20-500 µg/mL). Result suggested various doses of HME (125/250/500 mg/kg b.wt) causes significant increase (p < 0.01) in antibody titer when compared to the control group, which concludes enhanced humoral immune response. Result suggested that different concentrations of HME bring about significant increase (p < 0.01) in proliferation of splenocytes, depicting enhanced cell mediated immune response. Study concludes immunostimulatory potential of HME of N. cadamba bark and can be possibly used in drug and food preparation

Comparative Efficacy of Zn Supplement and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Over the Seed Germination of Lentil and Chick Pea

The mineral nutrients are absorb from the soil by the roots, these are either macro or micro nutrients. Zinc is micro nutrients that help in several physiological process of plants and help in phyto hormone synthesis. The present Study includes the synthesis of ZnOPs by using Zinc oxalate decomposing method and these particles are characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, and size was analyzed by Zeta analyzer. ZnOPs size was analyzed 65 nm. Seed germination was done by paper towel method. Soaking of seed was done in 100ppm, 500ppm and 1000ppm of ZnOPs and 100 ppm of ZnO supplement solution. After 5 day germination, germination percentage and seed vigor index (SVI) was calculated. It was observed that seed germination at 100 ppm is maximum in both the seed of Lentil (Lens esculentum Linn) and Chick pea (Cicer arietinum Linn). Seed vigor index was found increased at concentration of 100ppm. Presented study inferred that zinc provided as nanoparticle absorb more prominently than the traditional zinc supplement available in market at low concentration as the ZnOPs concentration increases the germination and seed vigor index retarded so it can be proposed that micronutrient in nano particles based formulation at lower concentration can provide better result in agriculture production