Autonomic dysfunction in a welder following manganese toxicity: a case report

Background: Manganese induced autonomic dysfunction is one of the chronic debilitating entities known to be seen primarily in welders exposed to fumes at work place. Welders absorb these fumes via inhalational route. Manganese in these fumes gets deposited in the basal ganglia and cause neuronal loss predominantly in Globus Pallidus. Unfortunately, it is under diagnosed due to lack of awareness of the disease. Though path breaking researches have been carried out in the field of Parkinson’s disease (being main differential diagnosis of manganese toxicity), still very few advancements in the management of manganese toxicity is seen and only supportive therapy is helpful. Primarily, this autonomic dysfunction does not or poorly respond to levodopa which is a characteristic distinguishing factor from Parkinsonism. Case: We are describing a case of a 50-years male presenting with complaints of slowness in the movement, gait instability with frequent falls. The patient has had persistent orthostatic hypotension. He had no significant family history and his work up showed no other cause of autonomic dysfunction. The patient had poor response to Levodopa. He had been exposed to welding fumes for 25 years. His MRI showed non-specific demyelination foci while SPECT scan was normal. The patient was diagnosed with occupational manganese toxicity based on history and Canadian consensus guidelines. The patient improved with oral fludrocortisone and bilateral lower limb elastic stockings. Conclusion: Large scale promotion on the use of Personal Protective equipment (PPE) is required. Early intervention in these cases could save the patient from detrimental effect, decrease social economic burden and make better health related quality of life as only supportive care can be given once diagnosed

A knowledge, attitude and practice study of prescribing oxygen amongst interns in atertiary care hospital

Background: Oxygen is one of the most frequently prescribed health-care interventions and resuscitative methods to patients visiting the emergency or while admitted to the hospital. The ongoing COVID pandemic has emphasized the importance of efficient and optimal oxygen utilization. The interns in a teaching hospital are often the first point of contact for patients. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was done amongst 100 interns posted in areas where oxygen is routinely prescribed. For this study, a questionnaire was devised by the investigators to assess the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of prescribing oxygen therapy. The questionnaire also included the validated acute oxygen therapy questionnaire (AOTQ). Results: Knowledge of participants ascertained using the validated AOTQ questionnaire revealed a score of 16.59 ± 1.94 out of a maximum of 23 points suggesting that majority of participants possessed mediocre knowledge. The author’s questionnaire showed significant gaps in knowledge and attitude; participants were relatively ill-informed about the interfaces used, the indications, and monitoring required while administering oxygen. Conclusion: There is an admissible gap in knowledge, attitude and practices pertaining to oxygen therapy as compared to the ideal. The development of standard training guidelines and suitable methodologies is absolutely crucial so that optimal therapy can be provided by fresh medical graduates without compromising patient care