Apprendre à lire change-t-il la manière dont le cerveau traite la parole ? Une comparaison « normo-lecteurs vs. dyslexiques »

International audienc

Introduction to the special issue: Language as a domain-specific or domain-general cognitive function?

International audienc

The orthographic effects on speech processing: beyond the “automaticity vs. strategy” debate.

International audienceBehavioral evidence for the orthographic effects on speech processing was first observed in metaphonological tasks more than 30 years ago. This pioneering observation led to a long-standing debate on the automaticity of the effects. In spite of a huge amount of work devoted to tease apart the automatic vs. strategic account of the orthographic influence on speech processing, this issue remains difficult to resolve in the context of metaphonological tasks. More recently, many research groups start using spoken word recognition tasks to probe the orthographic effects. This change of experimental paradigm combined with recent data from brain imaging studies have shifted the focus of the debate from the automaticity issue to the cognitive and neural mechanisms underlying the contribution orthography to speech processing. During the talk, I will present studies that shed light on this issue. The implication of these findings on speech processing models will be discussed

The locus and nature of orthographic effects in speech processing.

International audienc

Effets orthographiques sur le traitement de la parole: études sur les conditions d'occurence

My doctoral research addressed two questions regarding the influence of orthographic knowledge on speech processing. First, I attempted to identify the locus of the orthographic effects observed in spoken word recognition tasks in which the orthographic consistency and the congruency between the phonological and orthographic representations of the stimuli were manipulated. Several studies provided converging results suggesting that only phonological representations activated at lexical or postlexical processing levels are affected by orthographic knowledge, while those activated at prelexical levels are not. However, the lexical processing level is not the only factor that determines the occurrence and/or the size of the orthographic effects. Regardless of the processing level tapped by the task, the characteristics of the material and the way in which participants perform the tasks also play an important role. Second, I examined the generality of the orthographic effects both in the suprasegmental domain and in the operation of working memory. Overall, the results showed orthographic effects in both situations./La question de l’influence des connaissances orthographiques sur le traitement de la parole a été abordée sous différents angles à travers les études menées dans le cadre de ma thèse de doctorat. Plus précisément, le locus des effets orthographiques a été examiné dans des tâches de reconnaissance de la parole grâce à une manipulation de la consistance orthographique et de la congruence entre les représentations phonologique et orthographique des stimuli. Les résultats obtenus convergent pour indiquer que seules les représentations phonologiques activées dans les situations qui exigent un traitement lexical et/ou post-lexical sont affectées par les représentations orthographiques. Cependant, l’occurrence et/ou la magnitude des effets orthographiques obtenus semblent dépendre également des caractéristiques du matériel et de la manière dont les participants effectuent la tâche. La question de la généralité des effets orthographiques a aussi été abordée :les effets orthographiques ont été démontrés d’une part dans le domaine suprasegmental (sur le ton lexical) et, d’autre part, dans le fonctionnement de la mémoire de travail.Doctorat en sciences psychologiquesinfo:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublishe

Introduction

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How are visemes and graphemes integrated with speech sounds during spoken word recognition? ERP evidence for supra-additive responses during audiovisual compared to auditory speech processing

International audienceArticulatory gestures and orthography are connected with speech through a natural and an artificial association, respectively. This EEG study investigated whether the integrations between speech and these two visual inputs rely on the same mechanism, despite their different characteristics. A comparison of skilled readers' brain responses elicited by spoken words presented alone versus synchronously with visemes or graphemes showed that while neither visual input induced audiovisual integration on the N1 acoustic component, both led to a supra-additive integration on P2, with a stronger integration between speech and graphemes on left-anterior electrodes. This pattern persisted on the P350 component and generalized to all electrodes. The finding suggests a strong impact of reading acquisition on phonetic processing and lexical access. It also indirectly indicates that the dynamic and predictive cues present in natural lip movements but not in static visemes are critical to the contribution of visual articulatory gestures to speech processing

Introduction

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The cognitive and brain reorganization of language by literacy in typical and atypical populations

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe