Digitalización del parque arqueológico de Saqsayhuamán usando tecnología de realidad virtual, Cusco 2023

La presente tesis tiene como objetivo digitalizar el parque Arqueológico de Saqsayhuamán por medio de fotos panorámicas para su preservación y la posibilidad de uso para los diferentes profesionales del rubro de la arqueología y posibles restauraciones a través de este proyecto. Para llevar a cabo este proyecto, se utilizaron muestras fotográficas de la zona denominada Fortaleza de Saqsayhuamán, se capturaron fotografías con diferentes perspectivas con la finalidad de la creación de una foto panorámica de 360°. Durante la creación de este prototipo se utilizó la metodología de desarrollo Kanban, la cual nos da la libertad de organización a través de tareas definidas por el equipo de desarrollo, respetando también el límite de tiempo establecido en cada tarea que se realizó. También se utilizó el programa de creación de fotos panorámicas PTGUI, siendo clave para el prototipo en la creación de muestras fotográficas en 360°, que después se importó al motor de juegos UNITY, donde fue desarrollado el prototipo que sería compilado por dispositivos móviles con el sistema operativo Android. La tesis está enfocada al área de dominio de Tecnologías de la Información, debido a que se desarrolló un producto de software, lo que es una experiencia en primera persona a través de la realidad virtual del Parque Arqueológico de Saqsayhuamán, teniendo como objetivo la preservación del mismo, y al mismo tiempo impulsar a la sociedad a experimentar los beneficios ilimitados que nos puede brindar esta tecnología.The objective of this thesis is to digitize the Saqsayhuamán Archaeological Park through panoramic photos for its preservation and the possibility of use for different professionals in the field of archeology and possible restorations through this project. To carry out this project, photographic samples of the area called Saqsayhuamán Fortress were used, photographs were captured with different perspectives in order to create a 360° panoramic photo. During the creation of this prototype, the Kanban development methodology was used, which gives us the freedom of organization through tasks defined by the development team, also respecting the time limit established in each task that was carried out. The PTGUI panoramic photo creation program was also used, being key for the prototype in the creation of 360° photographic samples, which was later imported into the UNITY game engine, where the prototype that would be compiled by mobile devices with the purpose of Android operating system. The thesis is focused on the domain area of Information Technologies, because a software product was developed, which is a first-person experience through the virtual reality of the Archaeological Park of Saqsayhuamán, with the objective of preserving the yourself, and at the same time encourage society to experience the unlimited benefits that this technology can bring us.Innovación tecnológica de la informació

"Squeeze Maneuver" Assisted by Indocyanine Green Videoangiography : Simple Technique to "Resuscitate" Partially Occluded Bridging Veins During Microneurosurgical Operations

OBJECTIVE: The preservation of normal peri/intralesional bridging veins is extremely important in every micro-neurosurgical operation. The purpose of our study was to describe the "squeeze maneuver"assisted by indocyanine green videoangiography (ICGV), a simple technique to "resuscitate" partially occluded bridging veins during microneurosurgical operations. METHODS: When a bridging vein is inadvertently stretched up to its collapse during microneurosurgical procedures, a precise identification of the partially occluded zone is carried out under high magnification (10-153), as well as with the aid of the ICGV. If a continuous irrigation with isotonic saline solution does not allow one to reestablish the venous flow, the "squeeze maneuver" is carried out. This consists of squeezing and sliding with the bipolar forceps the occluded vessel along the normal venous flow direction. This procedure is repeated several times, while a continuous saline irriga-tion is applied. The ICGV is performed to confirm an adequate patency of the vein. RESULTS: This maneuver permits to restore the normal diameter of the vein and blood flow inside it. CONCLUSION: The "squeeze maneuver"assisted by ICGV represents a safe, clean, fast, and even cheap method for restoring the flow of partially occluded bridging veins during microneurosurgical operations.Peer reviewe

Seven Cerebral Aneurysms : A Challenging Case from the Andean Slopes Managed with 1-Stage Surgery

BACKGROUND: Treatment of multiple intracranial aneurysms is particularly demanding and even more so in a developing country where access to specialized centers may be prevented by different factors. METHODS: Single-stage surgical treatment of 7 cerebral aneurysms was performed in a 58-year-old woman from the northern Peruvian Andes. RESULTS: All 7 aneurysms were successfully and safely clipped through 2 lateral supraorbital craniotomies. The double clip technique was used in 3 aneurysms to prevent any residual aneurysmai neck. CONCLUSIONS: Good teamwork and correct application of microsurgical principles may allow effective treatment in complex neurosurgical cases even in resourcechallenged environments.Peer reviewe

Moyamoya Disease in an 8-Year-Old Boy : Direct Bypass Surgery in a Province of Peru

BACKGROUND: Pediatric moyamoya cases may be very arduous, even more so in a developing country, where access to specialized centers may be prevented by different factors. CASE DESCRIPTION: Herein we report a challenging case, which was managed in the new Neurosurgical Center of Trujillo, regarding the direct anastomosis between the left superficial temporal artery and a cortical branch of the left middle cerebral artery in a 8-year-old Peruvian boy with moyamoya disease. Postoperatively, the patient's motor deficits and aphasia improved. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first performance of a direct revascularization for a pediatric moyamoya case in Peru. CONCLUSIONS: The creation of highly specialized neurosurgical centers in the main strategic places of developing countries may allow optimal treatment of neurosurgical patients with complex diseases.Peer reviewe

Propuesta de mejora en la higiene, seguridad y salud en el trabajo en la producción de semillas de tilapia del CINPIS [Centro de Investigación Piscícola] - UNALM [Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina]

Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Pesquería. Departamento Académico de Acuicultura e Industrias PesquerasEl presente trabajo de investigación no experimental tuvo como finalidad realizar una propuesta de mejora en Higiene, Seguridad y salud en el trabajo en la Producción de semillas de tilapia del Centro de Investigación Piscícola (CINPIS) de la Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina (UNALM), con el objetivo de asegurar las condiciones de higiene en la producción de alevines y también, asegurar la prevención de peligros y riesgos en la seguridad y salud en el trabajo. La metodología utilizada se basó en la recolección de información a través de visitas a las instalaciones del CINPIS, así como también, la aplicación de dos listas de verificación; requisitos de buenas prácticas acuícolas de tilapia y la lista de verificación de seguridad y salud en el trabajo. A partir de la información recolectada de las listas de verificación y con sus escalas correspondientes, se realizó un diagnóstico del CINPIS, para luego, determinar los aspectos deficitarios con ayuda de herramientas de calidad, aplicando tormenta de ideas, que consta de tres fases: fase de generación, fase de aclaración, fase de agrupación, en la se discutió la agrupación de los problemas encontrados, luego, con una matriz de selección de problemas, se determinó el problema principal, que se resolvió con los criterios planteados, también, se realizó el diagrama de causa y efecto, para determinar las causas raíces del problema. Aplicando la lista de verificación de buenas prácticas acuícolas en tilapia se obtuvo una puntuación de 19.75, lo que corresponde a condiciones deficientes. Por otra parte, con la lista de seguridad y salud en el trabajo, se obtuvo un porcentaje 12.5 o equivalente a 16 puntos, lo que corresponde a condiciones malas en seguridad y salud en el trabajo. Finalmente, con el análisis de la información obtenida en base a las listas de verificación y el uso de herramientas de calidad, se concluyó como propuesta de mejora la elaboración de la documentación más importante, como el Manual de Buenas Prácticas Acuícolas y una Matriz de Identificación de peligros y Evaluación de Riesgos en la seguridad y salud en el trabajo para el CINPIS, que en primer lugar permitirá asegurar la higiene de la producción de alevinos de tilapia y en segundo lugar, la prevención de accidentes y enfermedades de las personas, que trabajan o visitan al CINPIS, mejorando la seguridad y salud en el trabajo.Tesi

Virtual Reality Glasses and "Eye-Hands Blind Technique" for Microsurgical Training in Neurosurgery

OBJECTIVE: Microsurgical skills and eye-hand coordination need continuous training to be developed and refined. However, well-equipped microsurgical laboratories are not so widespread as their setup is expensive. Herein, we present a novel microsurgical training system that requires a high-resolution personal computer screen, smartphones, and virtual reality glasses. METHODS: A smartphone placed on a holder at a height of about 15-20 cm from the surgical target field is used as the webcam of the computer. A specific software is used to duplicate the video camera image. The video may be transferred from the computer to another smartphone, which may be connected to virtual reality glasses. RESULTS: Using the previously described training model, we progressively performed more and more complex microsurgical exercises. It did not take long to set up our system, thus saving time for the training sessions. CONCLUSION: Our proposed training model may represent an affordable and efficient system to improve eye-hand coordination and dexterity in using not only the operating microscope but also endoscopes and exoscopes.Peer reviewe

Modified Pure Endoscopic Approach to Pineal Region : Proof of Concept of Efficient and Inexpensive Surgical Model Based on Laboratory Dissections

OBJECTIVE: In recent decades endoscopic techniques have been increasingly used in neurosurgery as they may offer a valuable close-up view of the working area through a minimally invasive surgical corridor. Herein, we present an inexpensive and efficient endoscopic surgical model using a borescope, which was used for a "modified pure endoscopic approach" to the pineal region. METHODS: A borescope video camera was connected to a 16-inch personal computer monitor. A standard midline suboccipital craniotomy was performed on 2 cadaveric heads in the Concorde position. Then, a "borescopic" supracerebellar infratentorial approach was executed, thus reaching the pineal region, which was exposed through an extensive arachnoid dissection. RESULTS: Using the previously described model, we were able to provide excellent exposure of the main neurovascular structures of the pineal region, as shown by the intraoperative videos. In 1 specimen we identified an incidental pineal cyst that was meticulously dissected and removed. CONCLUSIONS: Our proposed "borescopic" surgical model may represent an inexpensive and efficient alternative to conventional endoscopic techniques and could be used for training purposes, as well as even for clinical procedures, after a proper validation, particularly in economically challenging environments.Peer reviewe

Systematic review of pineal cysts surgery in pediatric patients

Introduction We present a consecutive case series and a systematic review of surgically treated pediatric PCs. We hypothesized that the symptomatic PC is a progressive disease with hydrocephalus at its last stage. We also propose that PC microsurgery is associated with better postoperative outcomes compared to other treatments. Methods The systematic review was conducted in PubMed and Scopus. No clinical study on pediatric PC patients was available. We performed a comprehensive evaluation of the available individual patient data of 43 (22 case reports and 21 observational series) articles. Results The review included 109 patients (72% females). Ten-year-old or younger patients harbored smaller PC sizes compared to older patients (p<0.01). The pediatric PCs operated on appeared to represent a progressive disease, which started with unspecific symptoms with a mean cyst diameter of 14.5 mm, and progressed to visual impairment with a mean cyst diameter of 17.8 mm, and hydrocephalus with a mean cyst diameter of 23.5 mm in the final stages of disease (p<0.001). Additionally, 96% of patients saw an improvement in their symptoms or became asymptomatic after surgery. PC microsurgery linked with superior gross total resection compared to endoscopic and stereotactic procedures (p<0.001). Conclusions Surgically treated pediatric PCs appear to behave as a progressive disease, which starts with cyst diameters of approximately 15 mm and develops with acute or progressive hydrocephalus at the final stage. PC microneurosurgery appears to be associated with a more complete surgical resection compared to other procedures.Peer reviewe

Midline and Paramedian Supracerebellar Infratentorial Approach to The Pineal Region : A Comparative Clinical Study in 112 Patients

OBJECTIVE: The midline supracerebellar infratentorial (SCIT) approach and its paramedian development are commonly used for dealing with pineal lesions. Comparative clinical studies are lacking, however. We aim to establish the better performance of the paramedian SCIT approach in terms of clinical safety in surgically treated pineal cysts and pineal region tumors. Procedural functionality and effectiveness have been also analyzed. METHODS: A comparative analysis of clinical, radiologic, pathologic, and surgical features, and outcome was performed between 55 midline and 57 paramedian SCIT approaches that were exclusively performed in 112 patients (57 pineal cysts and 55 tumors of the pineal region) operated in sitting position by a single surgeon. Information was retrieved from hospital records and microsurgical videos. RESULTS: The paramedian SCIT approach linked with fewer postoperative complications (odds ratio [OR]: 0.40) and fewer approach-related complications (OR: 0.28) than the midline SCIT approach. The SCIT paramedian approach was achieved in a shorter time, by a smaller bone flap, and with fewer complex procedural steps than the midline approach. The SCIT paramedian approach did not require the opening of the falx cerebelli, midline cerebellar retraction, section of the midline cerebellar draining veins, nor wide opening of the dura. Gross total resection, size of the lesion, microsurgical time for removal, histopathological diagnosis and postoperative outcome were statistically similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: The SCIT approach represents a safer and more functional approach for the removal of cysts and tumors of the pineal region than the classic midline approach, while maintaining the same effectiveness.Peer reviewe