9 research outputs found
Evolution and Comprehensive Analysis of DNaseI Hypersensitive Sites in Regulatory Regions of Primate Brain-Related Genes
How the human brain differs from those of non-human primates is largely unknown and the complex drivers underlying such differences at the genomic level remain unclear. In this study, we selected 243 brain-related genes, based on Gene Ontology, and identified 184,113 DNaseI hypersensitive sites (DHSs) within their regulatory regions. To performed comprehensive evolutionary analyses, we set strict filtering criteria for alignment quality and filtered 39,132 DHSs for inclusion in the investigation and found that 2,397 (~6%) exhibited evidence of accelerated evolution (aceDHSs), which was a much higher proportion that DHSs genome-wide. Target genes predicted to be regulated by brain-aceDHSs were functionally enriched for brain development and exhibited differential expression between human and chimpanzee. Alignments indicated 61 potential human-specific transcription factor binding sites in brain-aceDHSs, including for CTCF, FOXH1, and FOXQ1. Furthermore, based on GWAS, Hi-C, and eQTL data, 16 GWAS SNPs, and 82 eQTL SNPs were in brain-aceDHSs that regulate genes related to brain development or disease. Among these brain-aceDHSs, we confirmed that one enhanced the expression of GPR133, using CRISPR-Cas9 and western blotting. The GPR133 gene is associated with glioblastoma, indicating that SNPs within DHSs could be related to brain disorders. These findings suggest that brain-related gene regulatory regions are under adaptive evolution and contribute to the differential expression profiles among primates, providing new insights into the genetic basis of brain phenotypes or disorders between humans and other primates
Infiltration of Apoptotic M2 Macrophage Subpopulation Is Negatively Correlated with the Immunotherapy Response in Colorectal Cancer
The polarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) plays a key role in tumor development and immunotherapy in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. However, the impact of apoptosis on TAM polarization and immunotherapy efficacy in patients with different mismatch repair statuses (MMR) remains unclear. Here, we constructed an atlas of macrophage and found a higher rate of infiltration of M2-like TAM subpopulation in pMMR CRC tumor tissues compared with that in dMMR CRC tumor tissues. Importantly, a lower infiltration rate of M2c-like TAMs was associated with immunotherapy response. The M2 polarization trajectory revealed the apoptosis of M2c-like TAMs in dMMR while the differentiation of M2c-like TAMs in pMMR, implying a higher polarization level of M2 in pMMR. Furthermore, we found that a high expression of S100A6 induces the apoptosis of M2c-like TAMs in dMMR. In conclusion, we identified apoptotic TAM subpopulations in the M2 polarization trajectory and found that apoptosis caused by the high expression of S100A6 reduces their infiltration in tumors as well as the level of M2 polarization and contributes to a favorable immunotherapy response. These findings provide new insights into the potential role of apoptosis in suppressing tumors and enhancing immunotherapeutic efficacy
Fe3O4-doped mesoporous carbon cathode with a plumber’s nightmare structure for high-performance Li-S batteries
Abstract Shuttling of lithium polysulfides and slow redox kinetics seriously limit the rate and cycling performance of lithium-sulfur batteries. In this study, Fe3O4-dopped carbon cubosomes with a plumber’s nightmare structure (SP-Fe3O4-C) are prepared as sulfur hosts to construct cathodes with high rate capability and long cycling life for Li-S batteries. Their three-dimensional continuous mesochannels and carbon frameworks, along with the uniformly distributed Fe3O4 particles, enable smooth mass/electron transport, strong polysulfides capture capability, and fast catalytic conversion of the sulfur species. Impressively, the SP-Fe3O4-C cathode exhibits top-level comprehensive performance, with high specific capacity (1303.4 mAh g− 1 at 0.2 C), high rate capability (691.8 mAh gFe3O4 1 at 5 C), and long cycling life (over 1200 cycles). This study demonstrates a unique structure for high-performance Li-S batteries and opens a distinctive avenue for developing multifunctional electrode materials for next-generation energy storage devices
High-Voltage Aqueous Magnesium Ion Batteries
Nonaqueous rechargeable magnesium
(Mg) batteries suffer from the
complicated and moisture-sensitive electrolyte chemistry. Besides
electrolytes, the practicality of a Mg battery is also confined by
the absence of high-performance electrode materials due to the intrinsically
slow Mg<sup>2+</sup> diffusion in the solids. In this work, we demonstrated
a rechargeable aqueous magnesium ion battery (AMIB) concept of high
energy density, fast kinetics, and reversibility. Using a superconcentration
approach we expanded the electrochemical stability window of the aqueous
electrolyte to 2.0 V. More importantly, two new Mg ion host materials,
Li superconcentration approach we expanded the electrochemical stability
window of the aqueous electrolyte to 2.0 V. More importantly, two
new Mg ion host materials, Li<sub>3</sub>V<sub>2</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> and poly pyromellitic dianhydride, were developed and
employed as cathode and anode electrodes, respectively. Based on comparisons
of the aqueous and nonaqueous systems, the role of water is identified
to be critical in the Mg ion mobility in the intercalation host but
remaining little detrimental to its non-diffusion controlled process.
Compared with the previously reported Mg ion cell delivers an unprecedented
high power density of 6400 W kg ion cell delivers an unprecedented
high power density of 6400 W kg while retaining 92% of the initial
capacity after 6000 cycles, pushing the Mg ion cell to a brand new
stage
Zn/MnO<sub>2</sub> Battery Chemistry With H<sup>+</sup> and Zn<sup>2+</sup> Coinsertion
Rechargeable aqueous
Zn/MnO<sub>2</sub> battery chemistry in a
neutral or mildly acidic electrolyte has attracted extensive attention
recently because all the components (anode, cathode, and electrolyte)
in a Zn/MnO<sub>2</sub> battery are safe, abundant, and sustainable.
However, the reaction mechanism of the MnO<sub>2</sub> cathode remains
a topic of discussion. Herein, we design a highly reversible aqueous
Zn/MnO<sub>2</sub> battery where the binder-free MnO<sub>2</sub> cathode
was fabricated by in situ electrodeposition of MnO<sub>2</sub> on
carbon fiber paper in mild acidic ZnSO<sub>4</sub>+MnSO<sub>4</sub> electrolyte. Electrochemical and structural analysis identify that
the MnO<sub>2</sub> cathode experience a consequent H<sup>+</sup> and
Zn<sup>2+</sup> insertion/extraction process with high reversibility
and cycling stability. To our best knowledge, it is the first report
on rechargeable aqueous batteries with a consequent ion-insertion
reaction mechanism