Influence of defect size on popcorning

Popcorning in electronic packages is driven by evaporated steam generated within defect during solder reflow process. Generated steam is confined in sealed defect volume creating a blister. Steam escapes when the blister is popped. The condition for popping is governed by the steam pressure and defect fracture resistance, the critical strain energy released rate, The quantity of steam generated within the defect is a function of the reflow condition as well as defect size. Analysis revealed that steam pressure is inversely proportional to defect size at fixed renew conditions. The resulting critical defect size is an exponential function of steam generation and critical strain energy released rate. Given a pre-existing defect, a small changes in steam generation can pop the defect. Low steam generation and strong interface which are water resistance will enhance popcorn resistance

Identification and reproducibility of dietary patterns assessed with a FFQ among women planning pregnancy

Objective: To identify a posteriori dietary patterns among women planning pregnancy and assess the reproducibility of these patterns in a subsample using two dietary assessment methods. Design: A semi-quantitative FFQ was administered to women enrolled in the Singapore PREconception Study of long-Term maternal and child Outcomes study. Dietary patterns from the FFQ were identified using exploratory factor analysis (EFA). In a subsample of women (n 289), 3-d food diaries (3DFD) were also completed and analysed. Reproducibility of the identified patterns was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) in the subsample, and goodness of fit of the CFA models was examined using several fit indices. Subsequently, EFA was conducted in the subsample and dietary patterns of the FFQ and the 3DFD were compared. Setting: Singapore. Participants: 1007 women planning pregnancy (18-45 years). Results: Three dietary patterns were identified from the FFQ: the 'Fish, Poultry/Meat and Noodles' pattern was characterised by higher intakes of fish, poultry/meat and noodles in soup; 'Fast Food and Sweetened Beverages' pattern was characterised by higher intakes of fast food, sweetened beverages and fried snacks; 'Bread, Legumes and Dairy' pattern was characterised by higher intakes of buns/ethnic breads, nuts/legumes and dairy products. The comparative fit indices from the CFA models were 0 center dot 79 and 0 center dot 34 for the FFQ and 3DFD of the subsample, respectively. In the subsample, three similar patterns were identified in the FFQ while only two for the 3DFD. Conclusions: Dietary patterns from the FFQ are reproducible within this cohort, providing a basis for future investigations on diet and health outcomes.Peer reviewe

Changes in Diet Quality from Pregnancy to 6 Years Postpregnancy and Associations with Cardiometabolic Risk Markers

10.3390/nu15081870Nutrients158187

Perinatal plasma carotenoid and vitamin E concentrations with maternal blood pressure during and after pregnancy

10.1016/j.numecd.2022.07.019Nutrition, Metabolism & Cardiovascular Diseases32122811-282

Associations of maternal zinc and magnesium with offspring learning abilities and cognitive development at 4 years in GUSTO

10.1080/1028415X.2019.1643624Nutritional NeuroscienceGUSTO (Growing up towards Healthy Outcomes

Results from the Singapore 2022 report card on physical activity for children and adolescents

10.1016/j.jesf.2022.10.005Journal of Exercise Science and Fitness21120-2