Para la historia de 'camiseta', un americanismo inadvertido

En este trabajo pretendo mostrar que camiseta es una creación léxica americana, que se documenta desde el siglo XVI hasta la segunda mitad del siglo XIX solo en el español de América con el significado de ‘camisa o vestido de indio’. Hasta la mitad del siglo XIX el derivado de la palabra patrimonial camisa no aparece con un sentido de ‘prenda de vestir’ en el español de España, momento en el que también se documenta en el de América, pero donde ya no refiere a la indumentaria indígena. Desde entonces camiseta adquiere una mayor vitalidad en el español internacional a cuenta de su cambio semántico, según se comprueba en los diccionarios, los materiales dialectales y, entre ellos, los datos que proporciona el proyecto Varilex. Y creo que, justamente a causa de la vitalidad que logró con tal cambio, su condición primera americana ha pasado inadvertida para los estudiosos del léxico del español de América.Peer reviewe

Comparative study between intrathecal nalbuphine and dexmedetomidine for post-operative analgesia in lower abdominal surgeries.

Background: Nalbuphine and Dexmedetomidine has been used intrathecally as an adjuvant in many studies. The purpose of our study was to establish the effectiveness of intrathecal nalbuphine as an adjuvant, and compare with dexmedetomidine and determine prolonged analgesic effect and minimal side-effects. Materials and Methods: In this prospective, randomized, controlled study, 100 ASA I and II patients undergoing lower abdominal surgery under subarachnoid block (SAB), were randomly allocated to two groups: N and D, to receive 0.8 mg nalbuphine made up to 0.5 ml with NS added to 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine 18 mg (total volume 3.5 ml),and 5µg dexmedetomidine made up to 0.5 ml with NS added to hyperbaric bupivacaine 18mg [total volume 3.5ml] respectively. The onset of sensory and motor blockade, two-segment regression time of sensory blockade, duration of motor blockade and analgesia, visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score and side-effects were compared between the groups. Results: Two-segment regression time of sensory blockade and duration of effective analgesia was prolonged in groups D (5 µg dexmedetomidine) and N(0.8 mg nalbuphine) The onset of sensory and motor blockade, two-segment regression time of sensory blockade, duration of motor blockade and analgesia, visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score and side-effects were compared group D was better than group N. Conclusion: Nalbuphine and dexmedetomidine used intrathecally is a useful adjuvant in SAB and, prolongs postoperative analgesia without increased side-effects