Transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) in the early diagnosis and staging of bronchogenic carcinoma.

Transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) has evolved as a useful technique to establish diagnosis in patients suspected of having bronchogenic carcinoma.Transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) was done in twenty-five patients with either proved or suspected bronchogenic carcinoma using a flexible bronchoscope. Results of 19 patients who had pulmonary malignancy were analysed.In the 12 patients with endobronchially visible abnormality, TBNA could correctly identify eleven patients with carcinoma and one patient, who was a treated case, with no evidence of residual disease. In the seven patients with bronchoscopically invisible extrabronchial disease, TBNA could identify four patients with malignancy and also characterize true negative disease in a treated case with subcarinal lymph node. TBNA could define the correct cytology in all the patients with visible tumours and in 59\% of patients with bronchoscopically invisible tumours. The procedure was diagnostic in 84\% of the cases. Mediastinal lymph node sampling in nine patients by TBNA, with the help of contrast enhanced CT scans, was positive in five patients and negative in the other four patients thus helping in nodal staging.Although the sample size of the study was small, the procedure was found to be very useful for the early diagnosis and staging of bronchogenic carcinoma. It was safe, well tolerated and no untoward complications were observed

A comparative study of retention of cement retained implant prosthesis cemented with different luting cements: An in-vitro study

Purpose: The study was conducted to evaluate the retentiveness of specifically formulated implant cements and compare its retentiveness with a commonly used noneugenol zinc oxide luting cement and also to assess the influence of abutment height on the retentiveness of these cements. Materials and Methods: A master stainless steel mold was used to mount snappy abutment-implant analog complex in acrylic resin. A total of six stock abutments (Osstem TS®) of 4 mm and 5.5 mm height with their analogs were used. A total of 66 ceramill® Sintron metal copings fabricated using computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing system and divided into six groups (n = 11) according to the height (three 4 mm abutment and three 5.5 mm abutment). The cements that were compared were a Noneugenol zinc oxide provisional cement , Dual Cure Resin Cement  and a Zinc Phosphate Cement . After cementation samples were immersed in artificial saliva for 7 days and subjected to a pull-out test using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. The load required to de-cement each coping was recorded and analyzed using one-way ANOVA, post hoc multiple comparison, and independent t-test.&nbsp