22,519 research outputs found
Topological quantization and degeneracy in Josephson-junction arrays
We consider the conductivity quantization in two-dimensional arrays of
mesoscopic Josephson junctions, and examine the associated degeneracy in
various regimes of the system. The filling factor of the system may be
controlled by the gate voltage as well as the magnetic field, and its
appropriate values for quantization is obtained by employing the Jain hierarchy
scheme both in the charge description and in the vortex description. The
duality between the two descriptions then suggests the possibility that the
system undergoes a change in degeneracy while the quantized conductivity
remains fixed.Comment: To appear in Phys. Rev.
Orbital-dependent metamagnetic response in Sr4Ru3O10
We show that the metamagnetic transition in SrRuO bifurcates
into two transitions as the field is rotated away from the conducting planes.
This two-step process comprises partial or total alignment of moments in
ferromagnetic bands followed by an itinerant metamagnetic transition whose
critical field increases with rotation. Evidence for itinerant metamagnetism is
provided by the Shubnikov-de Hass effect which shows a non-trivial evolution of
the geometry of the Fermi surface and an enhancement of the quasiparticles
effective-mass across the transition. The metamagnetic response of
SrRuO is orbital-dependent and involves ferromagnetic and
metamagnetic bands.Comment: Physical Review B (in press
Simulation-Based Safety Training for Plant Maintenance in Virtual Reality
This paper presents a 3-D simulation model for safety training in an interactive and fully immersive virtual environment (IVE). The training comprises application of serious games (SGs) designed for filter replacements on a gas-powered plant (GPP) engine model by participants based on plant maintenance health and safety environment (HSE) regulations. Although maintenance work on GPP constitutes significantly in the share of hazards in the industry, there is however, scanty research related to simulation-based training for safety. Research nonetheless indicates the success of this technology in other industrial fields. For this reason, this study explored the possibility for training in safe work practices during maintenance in a gamified virtual environment. The Unreal real-time 3D game engine software was employed for creating virtual objects in the simulation. In total, 38 participants individually undertook the training in the virtual realm and provided feedback on a 5-point Likert scale. Questions pursuant to the assessment included the efficacy of acquired safety knowledge and skills, proximity of the simulation-based training to reality, and the interests and preference of SGs-IVE towards safety training. Results demonstrates participant’s perception of the prospects and learning outcome of SGs-IVE towards safety training: A factor that promotes greater cognitive learning for mindful safety practices.© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021. This is a post-peer-review, pre-copyedit version of an article published in Advances in Simulation and Digital Human Modeling: Proceedings of the AHFE 2020 Virtual Conferences on Human Factors and Simulation, and Digital Human Modeling and Applied Optimization, July 16-20, 2020, USA. The final authenticated version is available online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51064-0_22fi=vertaisarvioitu|en=peerReviewed
Heavy quarkonium 2S states in light-front quark model
We study the charmonium 2S states and , and the bottomonium
2S states and , using the light-front quark model and the
2S state wave function of harmonic oscillator as the approximation of the 2S
quarkonium wave function. The decay constants, transition form factors and
masses of these mesons are calculated and compared with experimental data.
Predictions of quantities such as Br are made. The
2S wave function may help us learn more about the structure of these heavy
quarkonia.Comment: 5 latex pages, final version for journal publicatio
High pressure floating zone growth and structural properties of ferrimagnetic quantum paraelectric BaFeO
High quality single crystals of BaFeO were grown using the
floating zone technique in flowing oxygen pressurized to 100 atm. Single
crystal neutron diffraction was used to determine the nuclear and magnetic
structure of BaFeO at 4 K and 295 K. At both temperatures, there
exist local electric dipoles formed by the off-mirror-plane displacements of
magnetic Fe ions at the bipyramidal sites. The displacement at 4 K is
about half of that at room temperature. The temperature dependence of the
specific heat shows no anomaly associated with long range polar ordering in the
temperature range from 1.90-300 K. The inverse dielectric permittivity,
, along the c-axis shows a temperature dependence between
10 K and 20 K, with a significantly reduced temperature dependence displayed
below 10 K. Moreover, as the sample is cooled below 1.4 K there is an anomalous
sharp upturn in . These features resemble those of classic
quantum paraelectrics such as SrTiO. The presence of the upturn in
indicates that BaFeO is a critical quantum
paraelectric system with Fe ions involved in both magnetic and electric
dipole formation.Comment: 9 pages, 9 figures, submitted to APL Material
Computational Study of Tunneling Transistor Based on Graphene Nanoribbon
Tunneling field-effect transistors (FETs) have been intensely explored
recently due to its potential to address power concerns in nanoelectronics. The
recently discovered graphene nanoribbon (GNR) is ideal for tunneling FETs due
to its symmetric bandstructure, light effective mass, and monolayer-thin body.
In this work, we examine the device physics of p-i-n GNR tunneling FETs using
atomistic quantum transport simulations. The important role of the edge bond
relaxation in the device characteristics is identified. The device, however,
has ambipolar I-V characteristics, which are not preferred for digital
electronics applications. We suggest that using either an asymmetric
source-drain doping or a properly designed gate underlap can effectively
suppress the ambipolar I-V. A subthreshold slope of 14mV/dec and a
significantly improved on-off ratio can be obtained by the p-i-n GNR tunneling
FETs
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Freestanding Functional Structures by Aerosol-Jet Printing for Stretchable Electronics and Sensing Applications
The requirements for modern electronic devices, particularly those intended for wearable or human health monitoring applications, have rapidly evolved to being both flexible and stretchable. Hence devices, as well as interconnects, need to be capable of retaining functionality even when being mechanically deformed. Most approaches towards achieving this rely on printing or transferring structures onto elastomeric substrates that can withstand stretching. However, the processing involved can often be cumbersome, and the structures themselves tend to suffer from poor fatigue and/or are limited by the mechanical properties of the underlying substrate. Here, we introduce an aerosol-jet printing technique by which fully freestanding functional structures can be built up layer by layer, which are stable and robust upon repeated stretching. The process involves printing a combination of layers of different materials with the desired functionality, onto a substrate coated with a sacrifical film that is subsequently dissolved to release the printed structure. Using this method, we demonstrate freestanding conductive wires can be used as stretchable interconnects/electrodes, and that also function as strain-sensors. We also show that a freestanding capacitive structure functions as a robust, stretchable humidity sensor, paving the way for the development of other multi-layer, multifunctional stretchable devices and sensors
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Aerosol-Jet Printed Fine-Featured Triboelectric Sensors for Motion Sensing
Triboelectric motion sensors, based on the generation of a voltage across two dissimilar materials sliding across each other as a result of the triboelectric effect, have generated interest due to the relative simplicity of the typical grated device structures and materials required. However, these sensors are often limited by poor spatial and/or temporal resolution of motion due to limitations in achieving the required device feature sizes through conventional lithography or printing techniques. Furthermore, the reliance on metallic components that are relatively straightforward to pattern into fine features limits the possibility to develop transparent sensors. Polymers would allow for transparent devices, but these materials are significantly more difficult to pattern into fine features when compared to metals. Here, we use an aerosol-jet printing (AJP) technique to develop triboelectric sensors using a wide variety of materials, including polymers, which can be directly printed into finely featured grated structures for enhanced sensitivity to displacement and speed of motion. We present a detailed investigation highlighting the role of material selection and feature size in determining the overall resolution of the resulting motion sensor. A 3-channel rotary sensor is also presented, demonstrating the versatility of the AJP technique in developing more complex triboelectric motion sensors.European Research Council (ERC-2014-STG-639526, NANOGEN)
Marie Sklodowska Curie Fellowship (H2020-MSCA-IF-2015-702868
Upregulated sirtuin 1 by miRNA-34a is required for smooth muscle cell differentiation from pluripotent stem cells
© 2015 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved. microRNA-34a (miR-34a) and sirtuin 1 (SirT1) have been extensively studied in tumour biology and longevityaging, but little is known about their functional roles in smooth muscle cell (SMC) differentiation from pluripotent stem cells. Using well-established SMC differentiation models, we have demonstrated that miR-34a has an important role in SMC differentiation from murine and human embryonic stem cells. Surprisingly, deacetylase sirtuin 1 (SirT1), one of the top predicted targets, was positively regulated by miR-34a during SMC differentiation. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that miR-34a promoted differentiating stem cells' arrest at G0G1 phase and observed a significantly decreased incorporation of miR-34a and SirT1 RNA into Ago2-RISC complex upon SMC differentiation. Importantly, we have identified SirT1 as a transcriptional activator in the regulation of SMC gene programme. Finally, our data showed that SirT1 modulated the enrichment of H3K9 tri-methylation around the SMC gene-promoter regions. Taken together, our data reveal a specific regulatory pathway that miR-34a positively regulates its target gene SirT1 in a cellular context-dependent and sequence-specific manner and suggest a functional role for this pathway in SMC differentiation from stem cells in vitro and in vivo
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