End-of-Life Management of Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Module

PV manufacturing has been growing over the past 10 years and further annual growth of 15% is expected until 2020. A study on positioning a grand plan for solar power shows how vast PV arrays and other renewable energies can provide significant amount of electricity and total energy needs by 2050. Various new PV technologies have been introduced in the market and existing technologies have undergone further development. How all these developments will affect the fate of the end-of-life PV modules is uncertain. In addition, the market price of some rare earth materials utilized in the manufacturing of the various PV technologies has exponentially increased in the past five years. Therefore, it is necessary to set a proactive strategic recycling plan for the treatment of the disposed PV wastes

Carbon Permits

The Encyclopedia of Global Warming and Climate Change helps readers learn about the astonishingly intricate processes that make ours the only planet known to be habitable. These three volumes include more than 750 articles that explore major topics related to global warming and climate change—ranging geographically from the North Pole to the South Pole, and thematically from social effects to scientific causes

American Electric Power

The Encyclopedia of Global Warming and Climate Change helps readers learn about the astonishingly intricate processes that make ours the only planet known to be habitable. These three volumes include more than 750 articles that explore major topics related to global warming and climate change—ranging geographically from the North Pole to the South Pole, and thematically from social effects to scientific causes

Attribution of Global Warming

The Encyclopedia of Global Warming and Climate Change helps readers learn about the astonishingly intricate processes that make ours the only planet known to be habitable. These three volumes include more than 750 articles that explore major topics related to global warming and climate change—ranging geographically from the North Pole to the South Pole, and thematically from social effects to scientific causes

Hydrogen and Syngas Production from Gasification of Lignocellulosic Biomass in Supercritical Water Media

Novel biomass-processing technologies have been recently used for conversion of organic wastes into valuable biofuels like bio-hydrogen. Agricultural wastes are available and renewable energy resources to supply energy demand of the future. The purpose of this study is to investigate the production of hydrogen-rich syngas from wheat straw, walnut shell, and almond shell

Engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum for the secretory production of recombinant proteins via Tat-dependent pathway

Corynebacterium glutamicum, which has been an industrial producer of various L-amino acids, nucleic acids, and vitamins, is now also regarded as a potential host for the secretory production of recombinant proteins since it exhibits numerous ideal features for protein secretion: (i) it has a single cellular membrane as a gram-positive bacterium, which allows proteins to be easily secreted into the extracellular medium. (ii) C. glutamicum secretes only a few endogenous proteins into the culture medium, which allows the simpler purification of target proteins in downstream process. (iii), secreted proteins from C. glutamicum can be kept stable because extracellular protease activity is rarely detectable. To harness its potential as an industrial platform for recombinant protein production, the development of an efficient secretion system is necessary. To achieve this goal first, we engineered several genetic parts in C. glutamicum: (i) synthetic promoters, (ii) plasmid copy number, (iii) signal peptides, (iv) co-expression of secretion machinery proteins. Using the engineered host-vector systems, gram-scale production of recombinant proteins could be achieved in fed-batch cultivation

Origin of the increased velocities of domain wall motions in soft magnetic thin-film nanostripes beyond the velocity-breakdown regime

It is known that oscillatory domain-wall (DW) motions in soft magnetic thin-film nanostripes above the Walker critical field lead to a remarkable reduction in the average DW velocities. In a much-higher-field region beyond the velocity-breakdown regime, however, the DW velocities have been found to increase in response to a further increase of the applied field. We report on the physical origin and detailed mechanism of this unexpected behavior. We associate the mechanism with the serial dynamic processes of the nucleation of vortex-antivortex (V-AV) pairs inside the stripe or at its edges, the non-linear gyrotropic motions of Vs and AVs, and their annihilation process. The present results imply that a two-dimensional soliton model is required for adequate interpretation of DW motions in the linear- and oscillatory-DW-motion regimes as well as in the beyond-velocity-breakdown regime.Comment: 16 pages, 3 figure