143 research outputs found
Successful Endoscopic Resection of Residual Colonic Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma after Polypectomy
Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas are typically found in the stomach, while colonic MALT lymphoma is rarely found. Considering its rarity, definitive treatment of colonic MALT lymphoma has not been established. Different from that in the stomach, Helicobacter pylori infection might play a minor role while determining the treatment of colonic MALT lymphoma. If colonic MALT lymphoma is localized, treatment options are surgical resection, radiation, endoscopic resection, or combination therapy. Here, we report a case of residual colonic MALT lymphoma after endoscopic mucosal resection, which was a 1.5-cm-sized tumor confined to the superficial wall of the rectum. The lesion was successfully treated using the endoscopic submucosal dissection technique. The patient remained disease-free for 4 years. This case provides rationale for endoscopic submucosal dissection treatment as a salvage therapy for residual tumors in properly selected patients with colonic MALT lymphoma
N-Gram in Swin Transformers for Efficient Lightweight Image Super-Resolution
While some studies have proven that Swin Transformer (SwinT) with window
self-attention (WSA) is suitable for single image super-resolution (SR), SwinT
ignores the broad regions for reconstructing high-resolution images due to
window and shift size. In addition, many deep learning SR methods suffer from
intensive computations. To address these problems, we introduce the N-Gram
context to the image domain for the first time in history. We define N-Gram as
neighboring local windows in SwinT, which differs from text analysis that views
N-Gram as consecutive characters or words. N-Grams interact with each other by
sliding-WSA, expanding the regions seen to restore degraded pixels. Using the
N-Gram context, we propose NGswin, an efficient SR network with SCDP bottleneck
taking all outputs of the hierarchical encoder. Experimental results show that
NGswin achieves competitive performance while keeping an efficient structure,
compared with previous leading methods. Moreover, we also improve other
SwinT-based SR methods with the N-Gram context, thereby building an enhanced
model: SwinIR-NG. Our improved SwinIR-NG outperforms the current best
lightweight SR approaches and establishes state-of-the-art results. Codes will
be available soon.Comment: 8 pages (main content) + 14 pages (supplementary content
Arbuscular mycorrhizal phenotyping: the dos and don'ts.
not applicable for letterCONICYT
Leverhulm
Quantum Conductance Probing of Oxygen Vacancies in SrTiO3 Epitaxial Thin Film Using Graphene
The quantum Hall conductance in monolayer graphene on an epitaxial SrTiO3
(STO) thin film is studied to understand the role of oxygen vacancies in
determining the dielectric properties of STO. As the gate voltage sweep range
is gradually increased in our device, we observe systematic generation and
annihilation of oxygen vacancies evidenced from the hysteretic conductance
behavior in graphene. Furthermore, based on the experimentally observed linear
scaling relation between the effective capacitance and the voltage sweep range,
a simple model is constructed to manifest the relationship among the dielectric
properties of STO with oxygen vacancies. The inherent quantum Hall conductance
in graphene can be considered as a sensitive, robust, and non-invasive probe
for understanding the electronic and ionic phenomena in complex transition
metal oxides without impairing the oxide layer underneath.Comment: 21 pages, 4 figures, 2 supp. figure
AIMS65 scoring system is comparable to Glasgow-Blatchford score or Rockall score for prediction of clinical outcomes for non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Background
Risk stratification for patients with nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal (NVUGI) bleeding is crucial for successful prognosis and treatment. Recently, the AIMS65 score has been used to predict mortality risk and rebleeding. The purpose of this study was to compare the performance of the AIMS65 score with the Glasgow-Blatchford score (GBS), Rockall score, and pre-endoscopic Rockall score in Korea.
Methods
We retrospectively studied 512 patients with NVUGI bleeding who were treated at a university hospital between 2013 and 2016. The AIMS65, GBS, Rockall score, and pre-endoscopic Rockall score were used to stratify patients based on their bleeding risk. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. The secondary outcomes were composite clinical outcomes of mortality, rebleeding, and intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Each scoring system was compared using the receiver-operating curve (ROC).
Results
A total of 17 patients (3.3%) died and rebleeding developed in 65 patients (12.7%). Eighty-six patients (16.8%) required ICU admission. The AIMS65 (area under the curve (AUC) 0.84, 95% confidence interval, 0.81–0.88)) seemed to be superior to the GBS (AUC 0.72, 0.68–0.76), the Rockall score (AUC 0.75, 0.71–0.79), or the pre-endoscopic Rockall score (AUC 0.74, 0.70–0.78) in predicting in-hospital mortality, but there was not a statistically significant difference between the groups (P = 0.07). The AUC value of the AIMS65 was not significantly different from the other scoring systems in prediction of rebleeding, endoscopic intervention, or ICU admission.
Conclusions
The AIMS65 score in NVUGI bleeding patients was comparable to the GBS or Rockall scoring systems when predicting the mortality, rebleeding, or ICU admission. Because AIMS65 is a much easier, readily calculated scoring system compared to the others, we would recommend using the AIMS65 in daily practice.This work was supported by the 2018 Inje University research grant. Funding bodies were not involved in the study design, collection, analysis and interpretation of the data or in writing of the manuscript
BallGAN: 3D-aware Image Synthesis with a Spherical Background
3D-aware GANs aim to synthesize realistic 3D scenes such that they can be
rendered in arbitrary perspectives to produce images. Although previous methods
produce realistic images, they suffer from unstable training or degenerate
solutions where the 3D geometry is unnatural. We hypothesize that the 3D
geometry is underdetermined due to the insufficient constraint, i.e., being
classified as real image to the discriminator is not enough. To solve this
problem, we propose to approximate the background as a spherical surface and
represent a scene as a union of the foreground placed in the sphere and the
thin spherical background. It reduces the degree of freedom in the background
field. Accordingly, we modify the volume rendering equation and incorporate
dedicated constraints to design a novel 3D-aware GAN framework named BallGAN.
BallGAN has multiple advantages as follows. 1) It produces more reasonable 3D
geometry; the images of a scene across different viewpoints have better
photometric consistency and fidelity than the state-of-the-art methods. 2) The
training becomes much more stable. 3) The foreground can be separately rendered
on top of different arbitrary backgrounds.Comment: Project Page: https://minjung-s.github.io/ballga
The Effect of Electrical Muscle Stimulation and In-bed Cycling on Muscle Strength and Mass of Mechanically Ventilated Patients: A Pilot Study
Background Critically ill patients experience muscle weakness, which leads to functional disability. Both functional electrical stimulation (FES) and in-bed cycling can be an alternative measure for intensive care unit (ICU) patients who are not feasible for active exercise. The aim of this study was to examine whether FES and in-bed cycling have a positive effect on muscle mass in ICU patients. Methods Critically ill patients who received mechanical ventilation for at least 24 hours were included. After passive range of motion exercise, in-bed cycling was applied for 20 minutes, and FES was applied for 20 minutes on the left leg. The right leg received in-bed cycling and the left leg received both FES and in-bed cycling. Thigh circumferences and rectus femoris cross-sectional area (CSA) were assessed with ultrasonography before and after the intervention. Muscle strength was assessed by Medical Research Council scale. Results A total of 10 patients were enrolled in this study as a pilot study. Before and after the intervention, the CSA of right rectus femoris increased from 5.08 ± 1.51 cm2 to 6.01 ± 2.21 cm2 , which was statistically significant (P = 0.003). The thigh circumference was also increased and statistically significant (P = 0.006). There was no difference between left and right in regard to FES application. There is no significant change in muscle strength before and after the intervention (right and left, P = 0.317 and P = 0.368, respectively). Conclusions In-bed cycling increased thigh circumferences rectus femoris CSA. Adding FES did not show differences
Resting-state prefrontal EEG biomarker in correlation with postoperative delirium in elderly patients
Postoperative delirium (POD) is associated with adverse outcomes in elderly patients after surgery. Electroencephalography (EEG) can be used to develop a potential biomarker for degenerative cerebral dysfunctions, including mild cognitive impairment and dementia. This study aimed to explore the relationship between preoperative EEG and POD. We included 257 patients aged >70 years who underwent spinal surgery. We measured the median dominant frequency (MDF), which is a resting-state EEG biomarker involving intrinsic alpha oscillations that reflect an idle cortical state, from the prefrontal regions. Additionally, the mini-mental state examination and Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) were performed before surgery as well as 5 days after surgery. For long-term cognitive function follow up, the telephone interview for cognitive status™ (TICS) was performed 1 month and 1 year after surgery. Fifty-two (20.2%) patients were diagnosed with POD. A multivariable logistic regression analysis that included age, MoCA score, Charlson comorbidity index score, Mini Nutritional Assessment, and the MDF as variables revealed that the MDF had a significant odds ratio of 0.48 (95% confidence interval 0.27–0.85). Among the patients with POD, the postoperative neurocognitive disorders could last up to 1 year. Low MDF on preoperative EEG was associated with POD in elderly patients undergoing surgery. EEG could be a novel potential tool for identifying patients at a high risk of POD
- …