Estimation of the Characteristic Wavelength Parameter in 1D Leray-Burgers Equation with PINN

In this paper, we employ the Physics-Informed Neural Network (PINN) to estimate the practical range of the characteristic wavelength parameter(referred to as the smoothing parameter) $\alpha$ in the Leray-Burgers equation. The Leray-Burgers equation, a regularization of the inviscid Burgers equation, incorporates a Helmholtz filter with a characteristic wavelength $\alpha$ to replace the usual convective velocity, inducing a regularized convective velocity. The filter bends the equation's characteristics slightly and makes them not intersect each other, leading to a global solution in time. By conducting computational experiments with various initial conditions, we determine the practical range of $\alpha >0$ that closely approximates the solutions of the inviscid Burgers equation. Our findings indicate that the value of $\alpha$ depends on the initial data, with the practical range of $\alpha$ being between 0.01 and 0.05 for continuous initial profiles and between 0.01 and 0.03 for discontinuous initial profiles. The Leray-Burgers equation captures shock and rarefaction waves within the temporal domain for which training data exists. However, as the temporal domain extends beyond the training interval, data-driven forward computation demonstrates that the predictions generated by the PINN start to deviate from the exact solutions. This study also highlights the effectiveness and efficiency of the Leray-Burgers equation in real practical problems, specifically Traffic State Estimation

Association of BRCA Mutations and Anti-müllerian Hormone Level in Young Breast Cancer Patients

Background: Several preclinical and clinical studies have suggested that BRCA-mutation carriers may have decreased ovarian reserve. However, data in this area are limited and inconsistent, especially in young breast cancer patients.Objective: This study evaluated the association between BRCA mutation status and serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) level in young, reproductive-aged patients with breast cancer.Materials and Methods: Patients ≤ 40 years of age with breast cancer and who had known BRCA status and baseline serum AMH level at Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea, were considered for inclusion. A total of 52 BRCA mutation carriers (27 BRCA1 and 25 BRCA2) and 264 non-carriers were selected for analyses. The serum level of AMH was compared according to presence of a BRCA mutation, and linear and logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association between BRCA mutation and serum AMH level.Results: No difference was found in clinical characteristics between BRCA-mutation carriers and non-carriers. Subjects with any BRCA mutation had a significantly lower median AMH than those without a mutation (2.60 vs. 3.85 ng/mL, 32% reduction, P = 0.004). Linear regression analysis showed a significant negative association between BRCA mutation and AMH level. In addition, logistic regression demonstrated non-significantly increased odds of mutation carriers having AMH < 1.2 ng/mL. However, no difference was found between BRCA1/2 mutations.Conclusions: Breast cancer patients with BRCA mutation have significantly lower serum AMH level. Fertility preservation should be considered more aggressively in young breast cancer patients with BRCA mutation

PROBE3.0: A Systematic Framework for Design-Technology Pathfinding with Improved Design Enablement

We propose a systematic framework to conduct design-technology pathfinding for PPAC in advanced nodes. Our goal is to provide configurable, scalable generation of process design kit (PDK) and standard-cell library, spanning key scaling boosters (backside PDN and buried power rail), to explore PPAC across given technology and design parameters. We build on PROBE2.0, which addressed only area and cost (AC), to include power and performance (PP) evaluations through automated generation of full design enablements. We also improve the use of artificial designs in the PPAC assessment of technology and design configurations. We generate more realistic artificial designs by applying a machine learning-based parameter tuning flow. We further employ clustering-based cell width-regularized placements at the core of routability assessment, enabling more realistic placement utilization and improved experimental efficiency. We demonstrate PPAC evaluation across scaling boosters and artificial designs in a predictive technology node.Comment: 14 pages, 17 figures, submitted to IEEE Trans. on CA

The current status of emergency contraception use in reproductive-aged Korean women: a population-based internet survey

ObjectiveThis study was conducted to assess the current status of emergency contraception (EC) use in reproductive-aged Korean women.Materials and methodsThis study utilized a population-based, cross-sectional online survey using a self-completed questionnaire in women aged 20-44 years who had visited a clinic in the previous six months for contraception counseling. Reason for use, anxiety, and counseling for further contraception at EC use were analyzed according to age, history of childbirth, and contraceptive failure in EC users.ResultsAmong 1,011 respondents, 461 (45.6%) had experience with EC use. Younger age, need for EC due to inadequate contraception, and high anxiety were highly prevalent among EC users. However, women in the 20s were less likely to get counseling for further contraception at EC use. Additionally, the proportions of women who used EC due to inadequate contraception during sexual intercourse and who experienced high anxiety were lower among women who had a history of childbirth. Women who had a history of contraceptive failure worried less about EC use.ConclusionOur findings offer insight for developing and improving individualized strategies for appropriate contraception, especially in young Korean EC users

Effects of HMGB-1 Overexpression on Cell-Cycle Progression in MCF-7 Cells

High mobility group-1 (HMGB-1) enhances the DNA interactions and possesses a transcriptional activation potential for several families of sequence-specific transcriptional activators. In order to examine the effect of HMGB-1 on the cell cycle progression in MCF-7 cells, the HMGB-1 expression vector was transfected into synchronized MCF-7 cells, and the effect of HMGB-1 overexpression on the cell cycle was examined. The HMGB-1 protein level in the transfected cells increased 4.87-fold compared to the non-transfected cells. There were few changes in the cell cycle phase distribution after HMGB-1 overexpression in the MCF-7 cells. Following the estrogen treatment, the cell cycle progressed in both the HMGB-1 overexpressed MCF-7 and the mock-treated cells. However, a larger proportion of HMGB-1 overexpressing MCF-7 cells progressed to the either S or G2 phase than the mock-treated cells. The mRNA levels of the cell cycle regulators changed after being treated with estrogen in both the HMGB-1 overexpressing MCF-7 and the mock-treated cells, but the changes in the expression level of the cell cycle regulator genes were more prominent in the HMGB-1 overexpressing MCF-7 cells than in the mock-treated cells. In conclusion, HMGB-1 overexpression itself does not alter the MCF-7 cell cycle progression, but the addition of estrogen to the HMGB-1 overexpressing MCF-7 cells appears to accelerate the cell cycle progression

Determination of an Applicable FRAX Model in Korean Women

We investigated which of the three FRAX fracture risk assessment tool models is most applicable to Korean women. For 306 postmenopausal women (mean age, 77 yr) with a hip fracture, fracture probabilities were calculated using FRAX models from Japan, Turkey and China. Data on bone mineral density (BMD) at the femoral neck were available for 103 patients. Significant differences existed among the models, independent of the inclusion of BMD in the calculation of fracture probabilities. The probabilities of both major osteoporotic fractures and hip fractures were significantly higher in the Japanese model than in the Turkish or Chinese models. In all of the models, the probabilities of a major osteoporotic fracture, but not of a hip fracture, decreased significantly if calculated without BMD values. By applying the Japanese model, the ten-year probabilities for major osteoporotic and hip fractures increased significantly with age. Our results suggest that the Japanese FRAX model might be the most appropriate for Korean women

Impedance chart for strongly coupled transmission line

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28 GHz 5G dual-polarized end-fire antenna with electrically-small profile

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