2,324 research outputs found
Polarization Switching Dynamics Governed by Thermodynamic Nucleation Process in Ultrathin Ferroelectric Films
A long standing problem of domain switching process - how domains nucleate -
is examined in ultrathin ferroelectric films. We demonstrate that the large
depolarization fields in ultrathin films could significantly lower the
nucleation energy barrier (U*) to a level comparable to thermal energy (kBT),
resulting in power-law like polarization decay behaviors. The "Landauer's
paradox": U* is thermally insurmountable is not a critical issue in the
polarization switching of ultrathin ferroelectric films. We empirically find a
universal relation between the polarization decay behavior and U*/kBT.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
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Conceptual study of electron ripple injection for tokamak transport control
A non-intrusive method for inducing radial electric field based on electron ripple injection is under development by the Princeton CDX-U group. The radial electric field is known to play an important role in the L-H and H-VH mode transition according to the recent theoretical and experimental research. It is therefore important to develop a non-intrusive tool to control the radial electric field profile in tokamak plasmas. The present technique utilizes externally-applied local magnetic ripple fields to trap electrons at the edge, allowing them to penetrate towards the plasma center via {gradient}B and curvature drifts, causing the flux surfaces to charge up negatively. Electron cyclotron resonance heating is utilized to increase the trapped population and the electron drift velocity by raising the perpendicular energy of trapped electrons. In order to quantify the effects of cyclotron resonance heating on electrons, the temperature anisotropy of resonant electrons in a tokamak plasma is calculated. For the calculation of anisotropic temperatures, energy moments of the bounce-averaged Fokker-Planck equation with a bi-Maxwellian distribution function for heated electrons are solved, assuming a moderate wave power and a constant quasilinear diffusion coefficient. Simulation using a guiding-center orbit model have been performed to understand the behavior of suprathermal electrons in the presence of ripple fields. Examples for CDX-U and ITER parameters are given
Spin-3/2 Baryons in Lattice QCD
We present first results for masses of spin-3/2 baryons in lattice QCD, using a novel fat-link clover fermion action in which only the irrelevant operators are constructed using fat links. In the isospin-1/2 sector, we observe, after appropriate spin and parity projection, a strong signal for the J^P=3/2^- state, and find good agreement between the 1/2^+ mass and earlier nucleon mass simulations with a spin-1/2 interpolating field. For the isospin-3/2 Delta states, clear mass splittings are observed between the various 1/2^+/- and 3/2^+/- channels, with the calculated level orderings in good agreement with those observed empirically
Strange meson-nucleon states in the quark potential model
The quark potential model and resonating group method are used to investigate
the bound states and/or resonances. The model potential consists of
the t-channel and s-channel one-gluon exchange potentials and the confining
potential with incorporating the QCD renormalization correction and the
spin-orbital suppression effect in it. It was shown in our previous work that
by considering the color octet contribution, use of this model to investigate
the low energy elastic scattering leads to the results which are in pretty
good agreement with the experimental data. In this paper, the same model and
method are employed to calculate the masses of the bound systems.
For this purpose, the resonating group equation is transformed into a standard
Schr\"odinger equation in which a nonlocal effective interaction
potential is included. Solving the Schr\"odinger equation by the variational
method, we are able to reproduce the masses of some currently concerned
states and get a view that these states possibly exist as
molecular states. For the system, the same calculation gives no support to
the existence of the resonance which was announced
recently.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figure
Cold testing of quasi-optical mode converters using a generator for non-rotating high-order gyrotron modes
In this paper, we test the performance of a quasi-optical, internal-gyrotron mode converter. When cold testing mode converters, a rotating higher-order mode is commonly used. However, this requires a nontrivial design and precise alignment. We thus propose a new technique for testing gyrotron mode converters by using a simple, non-rotating, higher-order mode generator. We demonstrate the feasibility of this technique for a W-band gyrotron quasi-optical mode converter by examining the excitation of a TE6,2 mode from a non-rotating mode generator. Our results demonstrate that this new cold-test scheme is an easy and efficient method for verifying the performance of quasi-optical mode converters.open0
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