Finding the global semantic representation in GAN through Frechet Mean

The ideally disentangled latent space in GAN involves the global representation of latent space with semantic attribute coordinates. In other words, considering that this disentangled latent space is a vector space, there exists the global semantic basis where each basis component describes one attribute of generated images. In this paper, we propose an unsupervised method for finding this global semantic basis in the intermediate latent space in GANs. This semantic basis represents sample-independent meaningful perturbations that change the same semantic attribute of an image on the entire latent space. The proposed global basis, called Fr\'echet basis, is derived by introducing Fr\'echet mean to the local semantic perturbations in a latent space. Fr\'echet basis is discovered in two stages. First, the global semantic subspace is discovered by the Fr\'echet mean in the Grassmannian manifold of the local semantic subspaces. Second, Fr\'echet basis is found by optimizing a basis of the semantic subspace via the Fr\'echet mean in the Special Orthogonal Group. Experimental results demonstrate that Fr\'echet basis provides better semantic factorization and robustness compared to the previous methods. Moreover, we suggest the basis refinement scheme for the previous methods. The quantitative experiments show that the refined basis achieves better semantic factorization while constrained on the same semantic subspace given by the previous method.Comment: 25 pages, 21 figure

Analyzing the Latent Space of GAN through Local Dimension Estimation

The impressive success of style-based GANs (StyleGANs) in high-fidelity image synthesis has motivated research to understand the semantic properties of their latent spaces. In this paper, we approach this problem through a geometric analysis of latent spaces as a manifold. In particular, we propose a local dimension estimation algorithm for arbitrary intermediate layers in a pre-trained GAN model. The estimated local dimension is interpreted as the number of possible semantic variations from this latent variable. Moreover, this intrinsic dimension estimation enables unsupervised evaluation of disentanglement for a latent space. Our proposed metric, called Distortion, measures an inconsistency of intrinsic tangent space on the learned latent space. Distortion is purely geometric and does not require any additional attribute information. Nevertheless, Distortion shows a high correlation with the global-basis-compatibility and supervised disentanglement score. Our work is the first step towards selecting the most disentangled latent space among various latent spaces in a GAN without attribute labels

The complete mitochondrial genome of Cacopsylla burckhardti (Hemiptera, Psylloidea, Psyllidae)

Cacopsylla burckhardti Luo, Li, Ma & Cai, 2012 (Hemiptera, Psylloidea, Psyllidae) is a pear psyllid species, distributed in the East Asia. The complete mitogenome of C. burckhardti is obtained in this study for the first time. The mitogenome of C. burckhardti is circular form and 14,798 bp long, which consists of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNAs and two rRNAs. The base composition is 38.80% for A, 34.89% for T, 9.99% for G and 16.33% for C, with the higher A + T contents (73.69%). The phylogenetic analysis, using 13 protein-coding genes, shows that C. burckhardti is clustered with other Cacopsylla species and nested in the Psyllidae clade within the superfamily Psylloidea

The complete mitochondrial genome of Cacopsylla burckhardti (Hemiptera, Psylloidea, Psyllidae)

Cacopsylla burckhardti Luo, Li, Ma & Cai, 2012 (Hemiptera, Psylloidea, Psyllidae) is a pear psyllid species, distributed in the East Asia. The complete mitogenome of C. burckhardti is obtained in this study for the first time. The mitogenome of C. burckhardti is circular form and 14,798 bp long, which consists of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNAs and two rRNAs. The base composition is 38.80% for A, 34.89% for T, 9.99% for G and 16.33% for C, with the higher A + T contents (73.69%). The phylogenetic analysis, using 13 protein-coding genes, shows that C. burckhardti is clustered with other Cacopsylla species and nested in the Psyllidae clade within the superfamily Psylloidea

Check list of jumping plant-lice (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) of the Korean Peninsula

An updated check list of Psylloidea from the Korean Peninsula is provided with information on the distribution of each species within the Peninsula and host plants based on published records and our own extensive field surveys. Five species (Calophya phellodendri Loginova, Calophya rhopenjabensis Li, Cacopsylla initialis (Loginova), Cacopsylla sibirica (Loginova) and Cacopsylla viburnicola (Li & Yang)) are reported for the first time from Korea, bringing the number to 130 species in 32 genera and six families. Three generic and subgeneric names are synonymised: Bactericera Puton, 1876 = Spinotrioza Kwon & Kwon, 2020, syn. nov.; Cacopsylla Ossiannisson, 1970 = Psylla (Koreopsylla) Kwon & Kwon, 2020, syn. nov. = Cacopsylla (Megapteripsylla) Kwon & Kwon, 2020, syn. nov. Three genera of Triozidae are redefined, viz. Dyspersa Klimaszewsi, 1968, Spanioza Enderlein, 1926 and Trichochermes Kirkaldy, 1904. Sixteen nominal species are synonymised: Celtisaspis japonica (Miyatake, 1968), nomen protectum = Arytaina cornicola Frauenfeld, 1869, nomen oblitum, syn. nov. = Celtisaspis guizhouana Yang & Li, 1982, syn. nov. = Celtisaspis sinica Yang & Li, 1982, syn. nov. = Celtisaspis zhejiangana Yang & Li, 1982, syn. nov.; Celtisaspis usubai (Miyatake, 1980) = Celtisaspis beijingana Yang & Li, 1982, syn. nov.; Calophya rhopenjabensis Li, 2011 = Calophya elaeocarpae Li, 2011, syn. nov.; Calophya verticornis Kwon, 1983 = Calophya melanocephala Li, 1997, syn. nov.; Cacopsylla araliae (Konovalova, 1981) = Cacopsylla (Hepatopsylla) aralicola Kwon & Kwon, 2020, syn. nov.; Cacopsylla diaphana (Konovalova, 1981) = Psylla (Cacopsylla) peninsularis Kwon, 1983, syn. nov.; Cacopsylla moiwasana (Kuwayama, 1908) = Psylla micromeli Konovalova, 1981, syn. nov.; Cacopsylla nigella (Konovalova, 1979) = Psylla liaoli Yang & Li, 1981, syn. nov. = Psylla sandolbaea Park & Lee, 1982, syn. nov.; Livia jesoensis Matsumura, 1908 = Livia baegunsana Kwon & Kwon, 2020, syn. nov.; Trichochermes grandis Loginova, 1965 = Trichochermes gemellus Loginova, 1974, syn. nov.; Trichochermes rhamnisugus (Li, 1994) = Trioza naria Kwon, Suh, An & Huh, 1996, syn. nov.; Trioza quercicola Shinji, 1944 = Dyspersa hambaeksana Kwon & Kwon, 2020, syn. nov. Five species are removed from synonymy: Cacopsylla cyphospila Li, 2011, stat. rev.; Cacopsylla fluctimaculata Li, 2005, stat. rev.; Cacopsylla gossypinmaculosa Li, 2011, stat. rev.; Cacopsylla nigrigenimacula Li, 2011, stat. rev.; Trioza chilgia Park & Lee, 1980, stat. rev. Twenty five new combinations are proposed: Cacopsylla diaphana (Konovalova), comb. nov., Cacopsylla initialis (Loginova), comb. nov., Cacopsylla sibirica (Loginova), comb. nov., Cacopsylla silvestris (Bajeva), comb. nov.; all from Psylla; Dyspersa abdominalis (Flor), comb. nov.; Dyspersa achilleae (Wagner), comb. nov.; Dyspersa agrophila (L??w), comb. nov.; Dyspersa carpathica (Dobreanu & Manolache), comb. nov.; Dyspersa chrysanthemi (L??w), comb. nov.; Dyspersa cirsii (L??w), comb. nov.; Dyspersa flixiana (Burckhardt & Lauterer), comb. nov.; Dyspersa kantshavelii (Gegechkori), comb. nov.; Dyspersa liberta (Loginova), comb. nov.; Dyspersa mica (Loginova), comb. nov.; Dyspersa munda (Foerster), comb. nov.; Dyspersa schrankii (Flor), comb. nov.; Dyspersa senecionis (Scopoli), comb. nov.; Dyspersa stugma (Tuthill, 1939), comb. nov.; Dyspersa viridula (Zetterstedt), comb. nov.; Spanioza cocquempoti (Burckhardt & Lauterer), comb. nov., Spanioza drosopouli (Burckhardt & Lauterer), comb. nov.; Trichochermes marginepunctatus (Flor), comb. nov.; Trichochermes rhamni (Schrank), comb. nov. ; all from Trioza; Triochochermes rhamnisugus Li, comb. nov. from Triozopsis; Trioza jejuensis (Kwon & Kwon), comb. nov. from Dyspersa. Twelve previous combinations are reinstated: Bactericera calcarata (Schaefer), comb. rev. from Spinotrioza; Cacopsylla moiwasana (Kuwayama), comb. rev. from Acizzia; Dyspersa laserpitii (Burckhardt & Lauterer), comb. rev.; D. lautereriella (Burckhardt), comb. rev.; D. mesembrina (Burckhardt), comb. rev.; D. pallida (Haupt), comb. rev.; all from Trioza; Togepsylla matsumurana Kuwayama, comb. rev. from Hemipteripsylla; Trioza camphorae Sasaki, comb. rev.; T. cinnamomi Boselli, comb. rev.; T. machilicola Miyatake, comb. rev.; T. quercicola Shinji, comb. rev.; T. usubai Matsumoto, comb. rev.; all from Dyspersa. One new replacement name, Cacopsylla kwonorum Cho & Burckhardt, nom. nov., is proposed for Cacopsylla silvestris (Kwon, 1983), nec Cacopsylla silvestris (Bajeva, 1969). Comments are provided for some species.N

Nomenclatural issues in Korean insects. Part 1. Hemiptera

Cho, Geonho, Jung, Sunghoon, Lee, Seunghwan (2020): Nomenclatural issues in Korean insects. Part 1. Hemiptera. Zootaxa 4838 (2): 298-300, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4838.2.1

Moriphila furva gen. and sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Homotomidae), a new jumping plant-louse from Korea associated with Morus australis (Moraceae)

Burckhardt, Daniel, Cho, Geonho, Lee, Seunghwan (2018): Moriphila furva gen. and sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Homotomidae), a new jumping plant-louse from Korea associated with Morus australis (Moraceae). Zootaxa 4444 (3): 299-315, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4444.3.

Rhodochlanis suaedicola sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Psylloidea: Aphalaridae) associated with Suaeda japonica (Amaranthaceae) from Korea

Cho, Geonho, Burckhardt, Daniel, Lee, Seunghwan (2015): Rhodochlanis suaedicola sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Psylloidea: Aphalaridae) associated with Suaeda japonica (Amaranthaceae) from Korea. Zootaxa 4028 (3): 388-396, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4028.3.

New records of three lace bug species from Laos (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Tingidae)

We report from Laos for the first time two genera and three species of lace bugs (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Tingidae). This brings the number of tingids reported from Laos to 25 genera and 32 species. The two genera are Eritingis Drake & Ruhoff, 1962 and Haedus Distant, 1904, and the three species are Eritingis recentis (Drake & Poor, 1937), Haedus vicarius (Drake, 1927), and Trachypeplus jingae Dang, Guilbert & Bu, 2013

On Cacopsylla moiwasana (Kuwayama, 1908) (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Psyllidae) associated with Sorbus (Rosaceae) with new synonymies

Cho, Geonho, Inoue, Hiromitsu, Lee, Seunghwan (2019): On Cacopsylla moiwasana (Kuwayama, 1908) (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Psyllidae) associated with Sorbus (Rosaceae) with new synonymies. Zootaxa 4571 (1): 147-150, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4571.1.1