dxz/yzd_{xz/yz} Orbital Subband Structures and Chiral Orbital Angular Momentum in the (001) Surface States of SrTiO3_3

We have performed angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) experiments on the surface states of SrTiO$_3$(001) using linearly and circularly polarized light to investigate the subband structures of out-of-plane $d_{xz/yz}$ orbitals and chiral orbital angular momentum (OAM). The data taken in the first Brillouin zone reveal new subbands for $d_{xz/yz}$ orbitals with Fermi wave vectors of 0.25 and 0.45 $\mathrm{\AA}^{-1}$ in addition to the previously reported ones. As a result, there are at least two subbands for all the Ti 3d t$_{2g}$ orbitals. Our circular dichroism ARPES data is suggestive of a chiral OAM structure in the surface states and may provide clues to the origin of the linear Rashba-like surface band splitting.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, Journal pape

Evaluation of Various Packaging Systems on the Activity of Antioxidant Enzyme, and Oxidation and Color Stabilities in Sliced Hanwoo (Korean Cattle) Beef Loin during Chill Storage

The effects of various packaging systems, vacuum packaging (VACP), medium oxygen-modified atmosphere packaging (50% O2/20% CO2/30% N2, MOMAP), MOMAP combined with vacuum skin packaging (VSP-MOMAP), high oxygen-MAP (80% O2/20% CO2/0% N2, HOMAP), and HOMAP combined with VSP (VSP-HOMAP), on the activity of antioxidant enzyme, and oxidation and color stabilities in sliced Hanwoo (Korean cattle) beef loin were investigated at 4°C for 14 d. Higher (p<0.05) superoxide dismutase activity and total reducing ability were maintained in VSP-MOMAP beef than in HOMAP beef. Lipid oxidation (2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, TBARS) was significantly (p<0.05) retarded in MOMAP, VSP-MOMAP, and VSP-HOMAP beef compared with HOMAP beef. Production of nonheme iron content was lower (p<0.05) in VSP-MOMAP beef than in HOMAP beef. Red color (a*) was kept higher (p<0.05) in VSP-MOMAP beef compared with MOMAP, HOMAP, and VSP-HOMAP beef. However, VACP beef was found to have the most positive effects on the antioxidant activity, oxidation and red color stabilities among the various packaged beef. These findings suggested that VSP-MOMAP was second to VACP in improving oxidation and color stabilities in sliced beef loin during chill storage

Observation of warping effects in the band and angular momentum structures of topological insulator Bi2Te3

We performed angle resolved photoemission (ARPES) experiments on Bi2Te3 with circularly polarized light. ARPES data show very strong circular dichroism, indicating existence of orbital angular momentum (OAM). Moreover, the alignment of OAM is found to have a strong binding energy dependence. Such energy dependence comes from a relatively strong band warping effect in Bi2Te3 compared to Bi2Se3. OAM close to Dirac point has an ideal chiral structure (sin ?) without out-of-plane component. Warping effect comes in as the binding energy decreases and circular dichroism along a constant energy contour can no longer be explained by a simple sin? function but requires a sin3? term. When the warping effect becomes even stronger near the Fermi energy, circular dichroism gains an additional sin6? term. Such behavior is found to be compatible with the theoretically predicted OAM structure

Associations of Father’s Cannabis Use Disorder with Child’s Initiation of Alcohol Use, Cannabis Use, and Sexual Intercourse by Child Gender

Background: Early initiation of alcohol use, cannabis use, and sexual intercourse among adolescents is an important public health concern in the United States. Parents\u27 history of substance use disorder is an important contributing factor for children\u27s problem behaviors. Objectives: The associations of fathers\u27 lifetime cannabis use disorder with children\u27s initiation of cannabis use, alcohol use, and sexual intercourse were examined. In addition, child\u27s gender was considered as a moderator of each association. Methods: Data from two companion longitudinal studies was utilized, the Rochester Youth Developmental Study and its intergenerational extension, the Rochester Intergenerational Study. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to examine the associations of the father\u27s lifetime cannabis use disorder with the child\u27s initiation of cannabis use, alcohol use, and sexual intercourse. To test gender differences in the associations, the study sample was stratified by child\u27s gender. Results: The average age of first cannabis use (b = –3.71, p \u3c .05), alcohol use (b = –3.65, p \u3c .05), and sexual intercourse (b = –2.94, p \u3c .05) among daughters of fathers with a lifetime cannabis use disorder was lower than that of their counterparts after adjusting for all other control variables, whereas no significant differences were detected in a father–son relationship. Conclusions: Homotypic continuity of cannabis use, as well as heterotypic continuity from the father\u27s cannabis use to the child\u27s alcohol use and sexual intercourse existed in a father–daughter relationship. These findings suggest that family-based interventions for female adolescents whose father has suffered from a cannabis use disorder be developed to prevent better adolescents\u27 early substance use and sexual intercourse

Parent’s Depression as a Moderator of the Association Between Offspring’s Depressive Symptoms and Use of Combustible Cigarettes and Electronic Vapor Products

Studies reported a positive association between depression and nicotine-containing product use. Although parents’ depression is a salient risk factor for offspring’s depression, previous studies have not considered the influence of parents’ depression on this association. This study examined the associations of depressive symptoms with current cigarette smoking and electronic vapor product (EVP) use among adolescents and young adults, and the moderation effect of the parent’s depression on the associations. Data of 354 parent-child dyads from the Rochester Intergenerational Study were used. Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted. Parent’s depression was a significant moderator of the associations. Depressive symptoms were positively associated with current cigarette smoking and EVP use among only the offspring of parent who suffered from depression. Depressive symptoms of both the parent and offspring should be considered simultaneously to clarify the susceptible populations more accurately and prepare better prevention strategies for young people’s cigarette smoking and EVP use

Factors influencing U.S. physicians\u27 decision to provide behavioral counseling

Prevention and treatment of non-communicable diseases is critical due to high costs of healthcare and increasing prevalence. Historical trends suggest physicians underperform in behavioral counseling (including exercise, diet/nutrition, or weight management). This study investigated physicians\u27 decision-making by examining non-clinical sociological factors that influence ordering and provision of behavioral counseling. This was a retrospective multi-year cross-sectional study. Using the Eisenberg model of physician-decision making, we analyzed data from the 2005-2015 National Ambulatory Medical Care Surveys (unweighted N = 177,599). Four weighted logistic regressions were performed to examine sociological factors associated with physician prescribing or ordering of behavioral counseling. Behavioral counseling was provided at suboptimal rates. Patient age, race/ethnicity, body weight status, and reasons for a medical visit were associated with physicians\u27 decision to provide or order behavioral counseling. There was in general a decreasing trend of odds of provision of behavior counseling from 2005 to 2015. Patients who had been seen before were more likely to receive diet/nutrition and exercise counseling. This study concluded that ordering and provision of behavioral counseling was less than optimal. Policy makers and educators can consider factors that influence physicians\u27 decisions for behavioral counseling to improve training and site policies. Future research examining effective behavioral counseling training and strategies to promote its provision, in particular to patients of different races/ethnicities and with different medical conditions, may increase effectiveness. Integrated care with behavioral health professionals could improve rates and/or delivery of counseling. Physicians can consider providing behavioral counseling when patients present with new problems and to newly seen patients

Effectiveness of Indiana’s Statewide Smoke-Free Indoor Air Law in Reducing Prevalence of Adult Cigarette Smoking

Indiana recently implemented a statewide smoke-free indoor air law that has prohibited smoking in both restaurants and non-hospitality workplaces. Evidence for the effectiveness of the recent statewide smoke-free indoor law may persuade 14 states that do not have any statewide smoke-free laws to enact such laws. We evaluated the effectiveness of Indiana’s State Smoke-Free Air Law, implemented July 2012, in reducing adult smoking prevalence. We analyzed samples of U.S. adults using a nonequivalent control group design with multi-year, cross-sectional data from the 2011–2016 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System ( N= 2,259,014). Four state groups with different levels of comprehensiveness in regard to statewide smoke-free indoor air laws in 2011–2016 served as the comparison groups, namely those with: (1) no law; (2) a partial law (prohibiting smoking in either one or two of these three settings, namely non-hospitality workplaces, restaurants, and bars); (3) a comprehensive law (prohibiting smoking in all non-hospitality workplaces, restaurants, and bars); and (4) those that changed from a partial to a comprehensive law. We used a difference-in-differences approach with multiple logistic regressions to assess the net effect of the policy with a secular trend removed. The decline rate of cigarette smoking in Indiana was steeper, from 21.2% in 2011–2012 to 17.8% in 2013–2016, than in states in our four comparison groups, which suggests a significant reduction in adult cigarette smoking prevalence above and beyond the downward secular trend observed. All the comparison groups showed higher odds of cigarette smoking than Indiana (adjusted odds ratios range from 1.08 to 1.16). Although a long-term effect of Indiana’s State Smoke-Free Air Law has yet to be evaluated, current data indicate that such a policy appears to be effective in reducing smoking prevalence. The implementation of statewide smoke-free indoor air laws in all restaurants and non-hospitality workplaces may help reduce smoking rates in the 14 states that still do not have any statewide smoke-free indoor air laws

Association of cancer information seeking behavior with cigarette smoking and E-cigarette use among U.S. adults by education attainment level: A multi-year cross-sectional analysis from a nationally representative sample in 2017-2020

Little is known about the association of cancer information seeking behavior with cigarette smoking and e-cigarette use. A multi-year cross-sectional analysis using a pooled data of the Health Information National Trends Survey 5, Cycles 1-4 (2017-2020) was conducted. To examine the association of cancer information seeking behavior with current cigarette smoking (currently smoke every day/some days among individuals who smoked 100+ cigarettes in lifetime) and e-cigarette use (currently use every day/some days among lifetime users) in nationally representative U.S. adults, we conducted weighted multiple logistic regression analysis, adjusting for sex, race/ethnicity, age, obese status, depressed mood, cancer diagnosis history, metropolitan status, and survey year. The regression models were stratified by education level

Photon energy dependent circular dichroism in angle-resolved photoemission from Au(111) surface states

We performed angle-resolved photoemission experiments on Au(111) surface with circularly polarized light. Data were taken with photon energies in the range between 20 and 100 eV in order to investigate the photon energy dependent behavior in the circular dichroism (CD). While the magnitude of the normalized CD value varies with a maximum value of about 70%, the sign of CD does not change for the photon energy within the range, inconsistent with the prediction based on the density-functional theory (DFT) calculation. Our calculation of the CD using DFT initial state and free electron final state shows a better consistency with experimental results than an earlier study using the inverse low-energy electron diffraction state as the final state. We briefly discuss the dominating factor that determines the CD from Au(111) states. © 2017 American Physical Society1101sciescopu

Sex and racial/ethnic differences in suicidal consideration and suicide attempts among US college students, 2011-2015.

Objectives: In this study, we examined sex and racial/ethnic differences in the prevalence and predictors of suicide consideration and attempts among US college students. Methods: We used multivariable logistic regression to investigate suicide consideration and attempts by sex and race/ethnicity among students (N = 319,342) who completed the American College Health Association- National College Health Assessment from fall 2011 to spring 2015. Results: Overall, the prevalence of suicide consideration and attempts was higher in spring 2015 than fall 2011 (p \u3c .05). Men had higher odds of suicide consideration and attempts than women (p \u3c .001). Blacks, Hispanics, and Asians had higher odds of suicide consideration and attempts compared with Whites (p \u3c .001). Weight-related problems (unhealthy weight, body weight overestimation, and lack of physical activity), sleep problems (insufficient sleep and sleep difficulties), and lower levels of academic performance were associated with both suicide consideration and attempts (p \u3c .05). Conclusions: Our findings indicate a need for sex- and race/ethnicity-specific suicide prevention strategies for college students, specifically men and racial/ethnic minority groups. Furthermore, appropriate weight and sleep management could be considered to help prevent suicide among US college students. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved