OCCLUSIVE THERAPY OF TEMPOROMANDIBULAR DISORDERS

The paper presents an analysis of research by a number of Russian and foreign authors devoted to the study of various occlusal splits, in particular, the mechanisms of their work, classification, their effectiveness in various forms of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) lesions, the advantages and disadvantages of individual splits and materials, used in their manufacture. It should be noted that the use of occlusal splits in the complex treatment of TMJ disorders allows to achieve the normalization of spatial relations of intra-articular structures and to eliminate the chronic mechanical trauma of TMJ tissues. The choice of the optimal treatment method of the TMJ internal disorders is made with account of the nature of mandibular movements, of the joint disc displacement, the pain syndrome, its possible causes, and the presence of local and general aggravating factors. The dissipating appliances allow the joint disc to be positioned physiologically correctly relative to the mandible head and therapy eliminate the prerequisites for the TMJ dysfunction development. According to both Russian and foreign researchers, the use of dissipating appliances contributes to an increase in the effectiveness o conservative treatment of the TMJ dysfunction, as well as to the prevention of complications such as secondary osteoarthritis and uncontrolled displacement of the joint disc

The photometric and spectral investigation of CI Camelopardalis, an X-ray transient and B[e] star

We combined the results of UBVR photometry of CI Cam taken at Sternberg Astronomical Institute in 1998--2001, and moderate resolution spectroscopy taken at Special Astrophysical Observatory during the same time period. Photometry as well as fluxes of Balmer emissions and of some Fe II emission lines of CI Cam in quiet state reveal a cyclic variation with the period of $1100\pm50^d$. The variation like this may be due to an orbital motion in a wide pair with a giant star companion that exhibits the reflection effect on its side faced to a compact companion. The V-band photometry also confirms the pre-outburst 11.7 day period found by Miroshnichenko earlier, but with a lower amplitude of 3 per cent. The possibility of identity of this photometric period with the period of jet's rotation in the VLA radio map of the object CI Cam was investigated. The radio map modelling reveals the inclination of the jet rotation axis to the line of sight, $i = 35-40^o$, the angle between the rotation axis and the direction of ejection of the jet, $\theta = 7-10^o$, and jet's spatial velocity of 0.23--0.26c. Equivalent widths and fluxes of various spectral lines show different amplitudes of changes during the outburst, and essentially distinct behaviour in quiescence. Five types of such behaviour were revealed, that indicates the strong stratification of a gas and dust envelope round the system . The time lag of strengthening of 50--250$^d$ in the forbidden line of nitrogen [N II] was found relatively to the X-ray outburst maximum.Comment: 15 pages, 8 figures, 3 tables, Astron. Zh., 2002, (in press), vol.79, number

Heterogeneous treatment effects of therapeutic-dose heparin in patients hospitalized for COVID-19

Importance Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of therapeutic-dose heparin in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 produced conflicting results, possibly due to heterogeneity of treatment effect (HTE) across individuals. Better understanding of HTE could facilitate individualized clinical decision-making. Objective To evaluate HTE of therapeutic-dose heparin for patients hospitalized for COVID-19 and to compare approaches to assessing HTE. Design, Setting, and Participants Exploratory analysis of a multiplatform adaptive RCT of therapeutic-dose heparin vs usual care pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis in 3320 patients hospitalized for COVID-19 enrolled in North America, South America, Europe, Asia, and Australia between April 2020 and January 2021. Heterogeneity of treatment effect was assessed 3 ways: using (1) conventional subgroup analyses of baseline characteristics, (2) a multivariable outcome prediction model (risk-based approach), and (3) a multivariable causal forest model (effect-based approach). Analyses primarily used bayesian statistics, consistent with the original trial. Exposures Participants were randomized to therapeutic-dose heparin or usual care pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis. Main Outcomes and Measures Organ support–free days, assigning a value of −1 to those who died in the hospital and the number of days free of cardiovascular or respiratory organ support up to day 21 for those who survived to hospital discharge; and hospital survival. Results Baseline demographic characteristics were similar between patients randomized to therapeutic-dose heparin or usual care (median age, 60 years; 38% female; 32% known non-White race; 45% Hispanic). In the overall multiplatform RCT population, therapeutic-dose heparin was not associated with an increase in organ support–free days (median value for the posterior distribution of the OR, 1.05; 95% credible interval, 0.91-1.22). In conventional subgroup analyses, the effect of therapeutic-dose heparin on organ support–free days differed between patients requiring organ support at baseline or not (median OR, 0.85 vs 1.30; posterior probability of difference in OR, 99.8%), between females and males (median OR, 0.87 vs 1.16; posterior probability of difference in OR, 96.4%), and between patients with lower body mass index (BMI 90% for all comparisons). In risk-based analysis, patients at lowest risk of poor outcome had the highest propensity for benefit from heparin (lowest risk decile: posterior probability of OR >1, 92%) while those at highest risk were most likely to be harmed (highest risk decile: posterior probability of OR <1, 87%). In effect-based analysis, a subset of patients identified at high risk of harm (P = .05 for difference in treatment effect) tended to have high BMI and were more likely to require organ support at baseline. Conclusions and Relevance Among patients hospitalized for COVID-19, the effect of therapeutic-dose heparin was heterogeneous. In all 3 approaches to assessing HTE, heparin was more likely to be beneficial in those who were less severely ill at presentation or had lower BMI and more likely to be harmful in sicker patients and those with higher BMI. The findings illustrate the importance of considering HTE in the design and analysis of RCTs. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifiers: NCT02735707, NCT04505774, NCT04359277, NCT0437258

Features of structure of spirituality of students

The correlation of the structure of the spirituality is analyzed in the article, gender differences and differences between students of natural-science and humanitarian direction are investigated

Peculiarities of Spirituality Manifestation in Students with Different Proffesional Orientation

The article is devoted to the structural components of spirituality and the peculiarities of its manifestation in the students with different professional orientation

CHANGES OF RUSSIAN STUDENTS' VALUE ORIENTATIONS DURING EDUCATIONAL REFORMS IN RUSSIA

This article examines how a student's value structure changed during the last 8 years after the reforms in education in Russia began. In recent years the educational system has undergone significant changes almost in every field. The high school graduation and preliminary examinations in universities were transformed into the Unified State Exam. New learning standards define specific methods of training and aims of education. In our survey we measured 10 value types with Schwartz Portrait Value Questionnaire (translated into Russian and adapted by Karandashev V.N.) among students in 2008, 2010, 2012 and 2016. Students in 2008 were trained at school according to the previous learning standards. They were not affected by educational reforms. Students in 2010 were the first obliged to take the Unified State Exam. Students in 2012 were trained to meet the requirements of the Unified State Exam. Students in 2016 were studying according to new learning standards in high school. In order to evaluate differences between samples a KruskalWallis H-test and a Mann-Whitney U-test were performed. Results indicate that values Power and Tradition differ from one year to another. The highest results in Tradition value type were observed in 2012. It lost its importance significantly among students in 2016. Power value type was more important for students in 2010. Though there is a trend of its increasing significance in 2016. Groups of Students in 2008 and in 2016 had similar value orientation profiles. The greatest number of differences was observed between students in 2010 and 2012. The last were more focused on Conformity, Tradition and Security and less focused on Achievement and Power. The most intriguing fact was that there were no significant changes detected among females. Among males we observed differences in Conformity, Tradition and Conservation. The highest results were among male students interviewed in 2012. We can conclude that motivational orientation toward Self-Enhancement increased in 2010 and than declined. Motivational orientation toward Conservation orientation had its highest rating among students in 2012. As for orientations toward Openness to change and Self-Transcendence, they did not change through these years. The obtained data showed that the personal value system changed through the reform period. The changes were quantitative rather than qualitative

Active Behaviour in Structure of Spirituality of Personality in Students

The article is devoted to the gender peculiarities of spirituality manifestation and activity in the students of the PFUR

Components of Elitizing Educational and Pedagogical Environment of Higher School

The need of creating an elitilizing educational and pedagogical environment of the university is substantiated in the paper. There are analyzed such equal ranking components as psycho-didactic, educational, spatially-material, social, psycho-physiological, cultural-aesthetic, creative activity-based, worldview components

CHANGES OF RUSSIAN STUDENTS' VALUE ORIENTATIONS DURING EDUCATIONAL REFORMS IN RUSSIA

This article examines how a student's value structure changed during the last 8 years after the reforms in education in Russia began. In recent years the educational system has undergone significant changes almost in every field. The high school graduation and preliminary examinations in universities were transformed into the Unified State Exam. New learning standards define specific methods of training and aims of education. In our survey we measured 10 value types with Schwartz Portrait Value Questionnaire (translated into Russian and adapted by Karandashev V.N.) among students in 2008, 2010, 2012 and 2016. Students in 2008 were trained at school according to the previous learning standards. They were not affected by educational reforms. Students in 2010 were the first obliged to take the Unified State Exam. Students in 2012 were trained to meet the requirements of the Unified State Exam. Students in 2016 were studying according to new learning standards in high school. In order to evaluate differences between samples a KruskalWallis H-test and a Mann-Whitney U-test were performed. Results indicate that values Power and Tradition differ from one year to another. The highest results in Tradition value type were observed in 2012. It lost its importance significantly among students in 2016. Power value type was more important for students in 2010. Though there is a trend of its increasing significance in 2016. Groups of Students in 2008 and in 2016 had similar value orientation profiles. The greatest number of differences was observed between students in 2010 and 2012. The last were more focused on Conformity, Tradition and Security and less focused on Achievement and Power. The most intriguing fact was that there were no significant changes detected among females. Among males we observed differences in Conformity, Tradition and Conservation. The highest results were among male students interviewed in 2012. We can conclude that motivational orientation toward Self-Enhancement increased in 2010 and than declined. Motivational orientation toward Conservation orientation had its highest rating among students in 2012. As for orientations toward Openness to change and Self-Transcendence, they did not change through these years. The obtained data showed that the personal value system changed through the reform period. The changes were quantitative rather than qualitative

Problem of Moral Decision Making in Foreign Psychology

The article is devoted to the analysis of the foreign moral psychology approach to the problem of moral decision. Such approaches as psychoanalytic, behavioral, cognitive, motivational and evaluative are considered in the article