Criminal interrogation and the right to remain silent: a study of the Hong Kong Customs service

This article compares juvenile justice practices in Austria and the United States. The sources of information include statistics provided by public agencies, interviews, analyses of legislation, and data from juvenile court reports. The legal structures of the juvenile justice systems of the two countries are compared and the effects of the adoption of community policing on the manner in which the police respond to youth deviance are considered, particularly in regard to the diversion of youths from official processing through the juvenile justice system by the police or the courts. The article describes the evolution of the juvenile justice systems in Austria and the United States, the changes in the forms of juvenile justice procedures in recent years mandated by legislation, and the expected consequences of these changes for both countriespublished_or_final_versio

Oral health status of southern Chinese following head and neck irradiation therapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Objective: To investigate the oral health status of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) after completion of radiotherapy. Methods: Thirty-three NPC patients (mean age 53 ± 10 years) who had completed head and neck radiotherapy (3.6 ± 3.1 years post-operation) were examined. Dental caries, periodontal status and oral mucosal lesions were recorded. Stimulated whole saliva (SWS) flow rate, pH, buffer capacity and carriage rate of carcinogenic micro-organisms were assessed. Jaw opening was measured. Results: Xerostomia was present in all patients, while 42% had candidiasis and 21% had limited jaw opening. The mean number of teeth present was 22, mean DMFT was 8.0, mean number of untreated root caries lesions was 1.4. Both saliva pH and buffering capacity were low while Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus spp. carriage were high. 52% of the patients had no dental care following radiotherapy. Although few patients expressed direct dissatisfaction, perceived level of information and of post-operative dental care was insufficient. Conclusions: Post-irradiated NPC patients constitute a high-risk group for dental root caries and oral candidiasis. The carriage rate of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus spp. in this NPC patient group was the highest among findings of other similar studies. This may be related to the inadequacy of dental care after radiotherapy. Head and neck radiotherapy was not associated with periodontal disease. © 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.postprin

Quality control in the Hong Kong electronics industry

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Oral microbiological and physiopathological status of post irradiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients

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Intra-oral colonization of coliform bacteria in irradiated, dentate, xerostomic individuals

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Establishment of HKU lung cancer lines in Hong Kong - an ongoing conjoint effort and progress report

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Subcapsular hematoma after ureteroscopy and laser lithotripsy

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Promotor hypermethylation of the CpG Islands of human Ras Association Domain Family 1A gene (RASSF1A) in adenocarcinoma of lung in Hong Kong Chinese - a comparison between smokers and non-smokers

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Interim estimates of the effectiveness of influenza vaccination against influenza-associated hospitalization in children in Hong Kong, 2015-16

From 1 September 2015 through 31 January 2016, we enrolled 2068 children 6 months to 17 years of age admitted to hospital with a febrile acute respiratory infection in our test-negative study. Information on receipt of 2015-16 northern hemisphere inactivated influenza vaccination was elicited from parents or legal guardians. Using conditional logistic regression adjusting for age and matching on calendar time, we estimated influenza vaccine effectiveness against hospitalization with influenza A or B to be 79.2% (95% confidence interval: 42.0%-92.4%). Annual influenza vaccination should be more widely used in children in Hong Kong. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.published_or_final_versio