Supplementary materials.

Supplementary Appendix 1: Participants and Recruitment Strategy. Supplementary Appendix 2: Survey Instrument. (PDF)</p

Forest plot of the bivariate associations between belief that the Article X policy “Does not go far enough” and respondent characteristics and the experience of gender harassment.

Adjustment covariates were reduced and include gender, race, LGBTQIA+ identity, academic rank, and any sexual harassment experience (SEQ overall indicator).</p

Forest plot of the bivariate associations between belief that the Article X policy “Goes too far” and respondent characteristics and the experience of gender harassment.

Adjustment covariates were reduced and include gender, race, LGBTQIA+ identity, academic rank, and any sexual harassment experience (SEQ overall indicator).</p

Forest plot of the adjusted associations between the belief that Article X will be “Likely’ or “Extremely likely” to help reduce sexual harassment in the sciences and respondent characteristics.

Adjustment covariates were reduced and include gender, race, LGBTQIA+ identity, academic rank, and any sexual harassment experience (SEQ overall indicator).</p

Bivariate regression estimates for the association with B2 continuous “how far policy goes” scale (item asking respondents to rate their perceptions of the policy going not far enough to going too far).

Bivariate regression estimates for the association with B2 continuous “how far policy goes” scale (item asking respondents to rate their perceptions of the policy going not far enough to going too far).</p

Demographic characteristics of sample.

Federal scientific agencies seek to make an impact on the continued prevalence of sexual harassment in the scientific academic community beyond institutional self-regulation. The National Science Foundation’s Article X, released in 2018, is one of the most significant and ambitious federal policy initiatives to address sexual harassment. The present article presents the results of the first study to examine scientists’ knowledge and attitudes about this important recent policy. We found, although overall knowledge about Article X was fairly low, the majority of participants responded positively to it. Crucially, impressions of the policy varied based on past experience and demographic factors. Individuals who had experienced harassment in the past year were less likely to believe the policy would help reduce sexual harassment in the sciences compared to those who had not experienced harassment (OR = 0.47, 95% CI:0.23–0.97, p = .034) and had greater odds of endorsing that the policy failed to go far enough (OR = 2.77, 95% CI:1.15–6.66, p = .023). Associations between demographic factors and views of the policy were less pronounced, but it is notable that, compared to their White counterparts, Black participants were more likely to believe the policy went too far (OR = 5.87, 95% CI:1.04–33.17, p = .045). Additionally, concerns were raised about the institutional enforcement of these policies and the existence of sufficient protections for survivors. Our work has implications for NSF’s continued evaluation of the efficacy of this program as well as for other federal agencies implementing or considering similar policies.</div

Gender differences in experiences of harassment.

Federal scientific agencies seek to make an impact on the continued prevalence of sexual harassment in the scientific academic community beyond institutional self-regulation. The National Science Foundation’s Article X, released in 2018, is one of the most significant and ambitious federal policy initiatives to address sexual harassment. The present article presents the results of the first study to examine scientists’ knowledge and attitudes about this important recent policy. We found, although overall knowledge about Article X was fairly low, the majority of participants responded positively to it. Crucially, impressions of the policy varied based on past experience and demographic factors. Individuals who had experienced harassment in the past year were less likely to believe the policy would help reduce sexual harassment in the sciences compared to those who had not experienced harassment (OR = 0.47, 95% CI:0.23–0.97, p = .034) and had greater odds of endorsing that the policy failed to go far enough (OR = 2.77, 95% CI:1.15–6.66, p = .023). Associations between demographic factors and views of the policy were less pronounced, but it is notable that, compared to their White counterparts, Black participants were more likely to believe the policy went too far (OR = 5.87, 95% CI:1.04–33.17, p = .045). Additionally, concerns were raised about the institutional enforcement of these policies and the existence of sufficient protections for survivors. Our work has implications for NSF’s continued evaluation of the efficacy of this program as well as for other federal agencies implementing or considering similar policies.</div

Milestones for the Final Mile: Interspecialty Distinctions in Primary Palliative Care Skills Training

AbstractContextPrimary palliative care (PPC) skills are useful in a wide variety of medical and surgical specialties, and the expectations of PPC skill training are unknown across graduate medical education.ObjectivesWe characterized the variation and quality of PPC skills in residency outcomes-based Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) milestones.MethodsWe performed a content analysis with structured implicit review of 2015 ACGME milestone documents from 14 medical and surgical specialties chosen for their exposure to clinical situations requiring PPC. For each specialty milestone document, we characterized the variation and quality of PPC skills in residency outcomes-based ACGME milestones.ResultsWe identified 959 occurrences of 29 palliative search terms within 14 specialty milestone documents. Within these milestone documents, implicit review characterized 104 milestones with direct saliency to PPC skills and 196 milestones with indirect saliency. Initial interrater agreement of the saliency rating among the primary reviewers was 89%. Specialty milestone documents varied widely in their incorporation of PPC skills within milestone documents. PPC milestones were most commonly found in milestone documents for Anesthesiology, Pediatrics, Urology, and Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. PPC-relevant milestones were most commonly found in the Interpersonal and Communication Skills core competency with 108 (36%) relevant milestones classified under this core competency.ConclusionsFuture revisions of specialty-specific ACGME milestone documents should focus on currently underrepresented, but important PPC skills