保育者の共感性向上のためのカリキュラム開発 : 絵本を教材とした共感意欲向上カリキュラムを中心に

保育者には,「共感性」が求められている.しかし,その養成課程や研修等で共感性そのものを高めることを第一の目的にしたものは少ない.そこで,本研究は保育者の共感性を高めるカリキュラムを開発し,実践した.このカリキュラムは,対象である子どもと実際にコミュニケーションをとることで「共感性」を高めていくのではなく,より身近に,一般的な教室等でも行えることを目的としている.しかし,本来「共感性」とは対象との関係性の中で育まれていくものである.そこで,実際に対象との関係性を育んでいくためにも,共感しようとする意欲,すなわち「共感意欲」を提案する.本研究では「共感意欲」を向上するためのカリキュラムについて,教材として「絵本」を活用したグループワークを行った.このカリキュラムを実施した上で,学習者からの感想をもとに「共感意欲」を分析した.そして,共感対象への拡張意欲と,共感的理解の深化意欲,これら2つの「共感意欲」を向上させるという当初の目的を達成することができた

Dietary milk sphingomyelin prevents disruption of skin barrier function in hairless mice after UV-B irradiation

Exposure to ultraviolet-B (UV-B) irradiation causes skin barrier defects. Based on earlier findings that milk phospholipids containing high amounts of sphingomyelin (SM) improved the water content of the stratum corneum (SC) in normal mice, here we investigated the effects of dietary milk SM on skin barrier defects induced by a single dose of UV-B irradiation in hairless mice. Nine week old hairless mice were orally administrated SM (146 mg/kg BW/day) for a total of ten days. After seven days of SM administration, the dorsal skin was exposed to a single dose of UV-B (20 mJ/cm2). Administration of SM significantly suppressed an increase in transepidermal water loss and a decrease in SC water content induced by UV-B irradiation. SM supplementation significantly maintained covalently-bound ?-hydroxy ceramide levels and down-regulated mRNA levels of acute inflammation-associated genes, including thymic stromal lymphopoietin, interleukin-1 beta, and interleukin-6. Furthermore, significantly higher levels of loricrin and transglutaminase-3 mRNA were observed in the SM group. Our study shows for the first time that dietary SM modulates epidermal structures, and can help prevent disruption of skin barrier function after UV-B irradiation

Effect of sphingomyelin on levels of covalently-bound ω-hydroxy ceramide in the epidermis induced by UV-B irradiation.

<p>Levels of ω-hydroxy tetratriacontenoic sphingoshine (d18:1-ω-hydroxy C34:1) are expressed as relative peak area per epidermal protein content. The values are shown as mean ± SD (n = 8/group). *: <i>P</i> < 0.05 (vs. the control group). #: <i>P</i> < 0.05 (vs. day 0).</p

Effect of sphingomyelin on TEWL and SC water content (B) after UV-B irradiation.

<p>(A) Transepidermal water loss (TEWL); (B) Stratum corneum (SC) water content. The values are shown as mean ± SD (n = 8/group). *: <i>P</i> < 0.05 (vs. the control group). #: <i>P</i> < 0.05 (vs. day 0).</p