Comparison of PNGS in Env V1-V5 region between mother and infant variants.

<p>(A) Comparison of PNGS in Env V1-V5 region for each transmission pair. The <i>P</i> value for each comparison between the mother and infant are shown. The horizontal bars indicate the mean value for each individual. (B) Comparison of PNGS in Env V1-V5 region of the aggregate sequences from mothers and infants. The <i>P</i> value for the comparison between the mother and infant is shown. The box and whiskers plot denotes the median, minimum and maximum values.</p

Neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree showing V1-V5 envelope gene sequences from all patients of the cohort with bootstrap values calculated from 1000 bootstrap replicates shown for each major branch.

<p>Each transmission pair is labeled with nucleotide sequences from mothers (green) and infants (blue). The tree was constructed using MEGA version 4.</p

Rooted maximum-likelihood trees illustrating the epidemiologic linkage between sequences from mother (green) and infant (blue) subjects within each transmission pair.

<p>The nucleotide sequences of <i>env</i> V1-V5 region from each pair were aligned with two unrelated outgroup HIV-1 subtype C sequences obtained from the Los Alamos HIV Sequence Database. The branch containing unrelated outgroup sequences are not shown for space considerations. Only bootstrap support values greater than 75 are shown for the major nodes segregating mother and infant subjects.</p

Comparison of Env V1-V5 length between mother and infant variants.

<p>(A) Comparison of Env V1-V5 length for each transmission pair. The <i>P</i> value for each comparison between the mother and infant are shown. The horizontal bars indicate the mean value for each individual. (B) Comparison of Env V1-V5 length of the aggregate sequences from mothers and infants. The <i>P</i> value for the comparison between the mother and infant is shown. The box and whiskers plot denotes the median, minimum and maximum values.</p

Genetic variation between mother and infant in epidemiologically linked transmission pairs.

a<p>Maternal samples at delivery were defined as baseline and infant baseline samples were referred to the first postpartum HIV-1 PCR positive time point as indicated in months.</p>b<p>Standard deviations for genetic diversity are indicated.</p>c<p>dN/dS calculated after screening for recombination.</p><p>N/A means that this category is not applicable to maternal subjects.</p

Comparison of V1-V4 and V1-V2 domains between mother and infant in epidemiologically linked transmission pairs^*.

*<p>Median values for the length and the number of PNGS are shown.</p

KSHV Neutralization Assay.

<p>Fluorescent pictographs of 293 cells infected with rKSHV.219 incubated with serially diluted plasma samples (1∶50, 1∶100, 1∶200 and 1∶800) from two Kaposi’s sarcoma patients (ID 138 and 175) who were neutralizing antibody positive. ID 138 had comparatively higher titer neutralizing antibodies as compared to ID 175. Parallel flow cytometry scatter plots are also presented. Negative control (KSHV and KS negative plasma at a dilution of 1∶50) and virus only control are shown at extreme right.</p

Total KSHV antibody titers in samples.

<p>Comparison of total KSHV antibody titer (log₂ transformed) in; <b>A:</b> samples from group 1 (KS samples) and group 2 (asymptomatic individuals) participants and; <b>B:</b> all samples that have neutralizing antibody present or absent. GMT of KSHV antibody titers in each group is also marked.</p

Characteristics of the study population.

<p>NA – Data not available.</p

Prevalence and titer of KSHV neutralizing antibodies in group 1 and 2 samples.

<p><b>A:</b> Percent prevalence of neutralizing antibodies in group 1 (KS samples) and group 2 (asymptomatic individuals). <b>B:</b> KSHV neutralizing antibody titers (log₂ transformed) in samples from group 1 (KS samples) and group 2 (asymptomatic individuals) participants. GMT of neutralizing antibodies in each group is also marked.</p