21 research outputs found
Efeito da adição do resÃduo de rocha ornamental nas propriedades e microestrutura de porcelana elétrica aluminosa
Estudo da viabilidade do uso de resÃduo de polimento de rochas ornamentais em porcelanas
Post mortem analysis of burned magnesia-chromite brick used in short rotary furnace of secondary lead smelting
Synthesis and photostabilizing performance of a polymeric HALS based on 1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidine and vinyl acetate
Microestrutura, fases cristalinas e propriedades elétricas de porcelanas aluminosas contendo diferentes concentrações de Fe2O3sinterizadas em atmosfera redutora e oxidante
Porcelanas elétricas aluminosas: parte II - desenvolvimento da microestrutura e sua influência no módulo de ruptura
Alumina ceramics obtained by chemical synthesis using conventional and microwave sintering
It is well known that the heating mechanism and powder precursor define the microstructural characteristics of ceramics. Especially abnormal grain growth of pure alumina ceramics developed during conventional sintering method suggests that this material is a potential candidate to be treated in microwave sintering process. Alumina ceramics produced with commercial (A1K) and chemically synthesized powders were sintered in conventional and microwave furnaces. Two methods were employed to prepare the chemically synthesized nanosized powders: Pechini method and emulsification with oleic acid. The microwave sintered samples were characterized by apparent density and scanning electron microscopy and compared with the samples sintered in a conventional furnace. Alumina ceramics sintered in the microwave furnace had fine grained microstructure, not related with the starting powders. This characteristic was achieved in a sintering time shorter than those produced in the conventional furnace. However, satisfactory densification was observed only to A1K ceramics (3.95 g/cm³) sintered during one hour in microwave furnace
The role of chain scission and chain branching in high density polyethylene during thermo-mechanical degradation
The mechanical and thermo-oxidative degradation of high density polyethylene (HDPE) was measured in a twin-screw extruder using various processing conditions. Two types of HDPE, Phillips and Ziegler-Natta, having different levels of terminal vinyl unsaturation were analysed. Mild screw profiles, having mainly conveying elements, have short mean residence times then profiles with kneading discs and left hand elements. Carbonyl and traps-vinylene group concentrations increased, whereas vinyl group concentration decreased with number of extrusions. Higher temperature profiles intensified these effects. The thermo-mechanical degradation mechanism begins with chain scission in the longer chains due to their higher probability of entanglements. These macroradicals then react with the vinyl terminal unsaturations of other chains producing chain branching. Shorter chains are more mobile, not suffering scission but instead are used for grafting the macroradicals, increasing the molecular weight. Increase in the levels of extrusion temperature, shear and vinyl end groups content facilitates the thermo-mechanical degradation reducing the amount of both, longer chains via chain scission and shorter chains via chain branching, narrowing the polydispersity. Phillips HDPE produces a higher level of chain branching than does the Ziegler-Natta type. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved