1,151 research outputs found
High-Redshift Superclustering of QSO Absorption Line Systems on 100 Mpc Scales
We have analyzed the clustering of C IV absorption line systems in an
extensive new catalog of heavy element QSO absorbers. The catalog permits
exploration of clustering over a large range in both scale (from about 1 to
over 300 Mpc) and redshift (z from 1.2 to 4.5). We find significant evidence
(5.0 sigma) that C IV absorbers are clustered on comoving scales of 100 Mpc and
less --- similar to the size of voids and walls found in galaxy redshift
surveys of the local universe --- with a mean correlation function over these scales. We find, on these scales, that the mean
correlation function at low (z=1.7), medium (z=2.4), and high redshift (z=3.0)
is , , and , respectively.
Thus, the superclustering is present even at high redshift; furthermore, it
does not appear that the superclustering scale, in comoving coordinates, has
changed significantly since then. We find 7 QSOs with rich groups of absorbers
(potential superclusters) that account for a significant portion of the
clustering signal, with 2 at redshift . We find that the
superclustering is just as evident if we take instead of 0.5;
however, the inferred scale of clustering is then 240 Mpc , which is larger
than the largest scales of clustering known at present. This discrepancy may be
indicative of a larger value of , and hence . The evolution of
the correlation function on 50 Mpc scales is consistent with that expected in
cosmologies with density parameter ranging from 0.1 to 1.
Finally, we find no evidence for clustering on scales greater than 100 Mpc
() or 240 Mpc ().Comment: 16 LaTeX pages with 3 encapsulated Postscript figures included, uses
AASTeX (v. 4.0) available at ftp://ftp.aas.org/pubs/ , to appear in The
Astrophysical Journal Letter
Optical and infrared photometry of the blazar PKS0537-441
We present a large collection of photometric data on the Blazar PKS 0537-441
in the VRIJHK bands taken in 2004-2009. At least three flare-like episodes with
months duration, and >3 mag amplitude are apparent. The spectral energy
distribution is consistent with a power law, and no indication of a thermal
component is found. We searched for short time scale variability, and an
interesting event was identified in the J band, with a duration of ~25 minutes.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures, in press in ApJ
Simultaneous Swift and REM monitoring of the blazar PKS0537-441 in 2005
The blazar PKS0537-441 has been observed by Swift between the end of 2004 and
November 2005. The BAT monitored it recurrently for a total of 2.7 Ms, and the
XRT and UVOT pointed it on seven occasions for a total of 67 ks, making it one
of the AGNs best monitored by Swift. The automatic optical and infrared
telescope REM has monitored simultaneously the source at all times. In
January-February 2005 PKS0537-441 has been detected at its brightest in optical
and X-rays: more than a factor of 2 brighter in X-rays and about a factor 60
brighter in the optical than observed in December 2004. The July 2005
observation recorded a fainter X-ray state. The simultaneous optical state,
monitored by both Swift UVOT and REM, is high, and in the VRI bands it is
comparable to what was recorded in early January 2005, before the outburst. In
November 2005, the source subsided both in X-rays and optical to a quiescent
state, having decreased by factors of ~4 and ~60 with respect to the
January-February 2005 outburst, respectively. Our monitoring shows an overall
well correlated optical and X-ray decay. On the shorter time scales (days or
hours), there is no obvious correlation between X-ray and optical variations,
but the former tend to be more pronounced, opposite to what is observed on
monthly time scales. The widely different amplitude of the long term
variability in optical and X-rays is very unusual and makes this observation a
unique case study for blazar activity. The spectral energy distributions are
interpreted in terms of the synchrotron and inverse Compton mechanisms within a
jet where the plasma radiates via internal shocks and the dissipation depends
on the distance of the emitting region from the central engine (abridged).Comment: 24 pages, 7 figures, 3 tables, in press in the Ap
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