1,023 research outputs found
ABJM Amplitudes in U-gauge and a Soft Theorem
We report progress in computing and analyzing all tree amplitudes in ABJM
theory. Inspired by the isomorphism between the orthogonal Grassmannian and the
pure spinor geometries, we adopt a new gauge, called u-gauge, for evaluating
the orthogonal Grassmannian integral for ABJM amplitudes. We carry out the
integral explicitly for the 8-point amplitude and obtain the complete
supersymmetric amplitude. The physical and spurious poles arise from the
integral as expected from on-shell diagrams. We also derive a double scalar
soft theorem of ABJM amplitudes and verify it for known amplitudes.Comment: 35 pages, 6 figures; v2. minor correction
Testing the Rational Expectations Hypothesis on the Retail Trade Sector Using Survey Data from Malaysia
The rational expectations hypothesis states that when people are expecting things to happen, using the available information, the predicted outcomes usually occur. This study utilized survey data provided by the Business Expectations Survey of Limited Companies to test whether forecasts of the Malaysian retail sector, based on gross revenue and capital expenditures, are rational. The empirical evidence illustrates that the decision-makers expectations in the retail sector are biased and too optimistic in forecasting gross revenue and capital expenditures.REH, Unbiasedness, Non-serial Correlation, Weak-form Efficiency
First Abundance Measurement of Organic Molecules in the Atmosphere of HH 212 Protostellar Disk
HH 212 is one of the well-studied protostellar systems, showing the first
vertically resolved disk with a warm atmosphere around the central protostar.
Here we report a detection of 9 organic molecules (including newly detected
ketene, formic acid, deuterated acetonitrile, methyl formate, and ethanol) in
the disk atmosphere, confirming that the disk atmosphere is, for HH 212, the
chemically rich component, identified before at a lower resolution as a
"hot-corino". More importantly, we report the first systematic survey and
abundance measurement of organic molecules in the disk atmosphere within
40 au of the central protostar. The relative abundances of these molecules are
similar to those in the hot corinos around other protostars and in Comet
Lovejoy. These molecules can be either (i) originally formed on icy grains and
then desorbed into gas phase or (ii) quickly formed in the gas phase using
simpler species ejected from the dust mantles. The abundances and spatial
distributions of the molecules provide strong constraints on models of their
formation and transport in star formation. These molecules are expected to form
even more complex organic molecules needed for life and deeper observations are
needed to find them.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figure
AdapterBias: Parameter-efficient Token-dependent Representation Shift for Adapters in NLP Tasks
Transformer-based pre-trained models with millions of parameters require
large storage. Recent approaches tackle this shortcoming by training adapters,
but these approaches still require a relatively large number of parameters. In
this study, AdapterBias, a surprisingly simple yet effective adapter
architecture, is proposed. AdapterBias adds a token-dependent shift to the
hidden output of transformer layers to adapt to downstream tasks with only a
vector and a linear layer. Extensive experiments are conducted to demonstrate
the effectiveness of AdapterBias. The experiments show that our proposed method
can dramatically reduce the trainable parameters compared to the previous works
with a minimal decrease in task performances compared with fine-tuned
pre-trained models. We further find that AdapterBias automatically learns to
assign more significant representation shifts to the tokens related to the task
in consideration.Comment: The first two authors contributed equally. This paper was published
in Findings of NAACL 202
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