Effect of Multisensory Approach on Learning Participial Construction: Learning with Blocks

This study examined whether using several sensors could help students to memorize the rules for participial construction eff ectively. Previous studies have shown that multisensory learning is an eff ective approach because several sensory systems are used together. Although numerous studies have explored reading or writing skills, few have examined grammar lessons using multisensory learning. In addition, learning methods for participial construction are rarely studied. The present study used wooden blocks that may help learners activate their senses. Forty-five Japanese first-year university students participated in the study and were divided into two groups: a group using wooden blocks (the experimental group) and a group using a handout based on a textbook as the source material (the regular approach group). All participants received a lesson using each material according to their group. The data from three tests were collected: 1) pretest, 2) posttest, and 3) delayed test. The score of the delayed test in the experiment group was higher than that of the regular approach group. The test analysis revealed that using a multisensory approach is effective in the participants retaining the memory of what they had learned

英語文法学習における多感覚アプローチの効果に関する実証的研究

内容の要約広島大学(Hiroshima University)博士(教育学)Doctor of Philosophy in Educationdoctora

A Class of Feature Spaces and Violation of the Triangle Inequality

A class of feature spaces that can violate the triangle inequality is proposed. The theory states that arbitrary N samples, in which all the distances between any pair of samples are given but their coordinates are unknown,can always assign the coordinates in the defined feature space after eigenvalue decomposition

POWER-LAW DISTRIBUTION OF RATE-OF-RETURN DEVIATION AND EVALUATION OF CASH FLOW IN A CONTROL EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURING COMPANY

Although it is well known that power-law distribution appears in stock price fluctuation models and the like and theoretical analytic methods by mathematical finance has made progress, there are not many examples where such theoretical analysis has been performed for manufacturing industries. Therefore, we collected data about a rate of return and its deviation in a certain control equipment manufacturing company for about 10 years, and analyzed the both by applying methods of mathematical finance. Regarding rate-of-return deviation, it was found that it conforms to log-normal distribution. From analysis of mathematical models about rate-of-return deviation, we obtained the following conclusion. If an amount of money of order entries and an amount of money of production are stochastic, accumulated excessive order entries become of Brownian motion, and thus a random "fluctuation" occurs in hour to hour order entries and production even though it might be of a small degree. In comparison with a case where production is made to conform to the average order entry, pro t can be increased in a case where strategy to purposefully lead to excessive production or excessive order entries state is adopted. Regarding rate of return, analysis of characteristics of power-law distribution was made. As a result of analysis of mathematical models for a rate of return, the followings are reported. A cash ow of a target company is log-normally distributed. With regard to equipment manufacturing, whether a value after a repayment of a loan is changed or not in the case where a guaranty by a company president is required is reported. In addition, how a value of manufacturing equipment (remaining value) changes after a repayment of a loan relative to a repayment period is reported. Finally, a degree (sensitivity) of influence of parameters, an initial plan money amount, a repaid money amount and a repayment period, on a remaining value and a result of risk analysis is also reported

The effect of SPT (Subject Performed Task) and an organization strategy to learn English participle

　本研究では体制化を取り入れた指導に被験者実演課題を加えることが、英語の分詞学習をより促進するかを検証する。体制化とは学習要素を相互に関連づけることであり、通常、授業では体制化された情報を口頭や教材による文章説明や図を用いる指導法により教授される。今回、分詞の指導にあたり、この従来の指導法に被験者実演課題を加えてみた。被験者実演課題については、多くの研究によって、情報の体制化を促し、その結果記憶を促進することが明らかにされている。しかしながら、被験者実演課題が英語の文法の学習に効果があるのかという研究はほとんど行われていない。そこで分詞の学習において、松沼(2007) が指摘する体制化された指導に被験者実演課題を加えることがどのように影響するのかを研究するに至った。今回、実験を行い、78名の大学生が参加した。参加者は事前テストの結果により実験群と統制群とに振り分けられた。2つの群に対し体制化に基づいた授業を文章による説明とイメージ画を用いて行った。2つの群の違いは現在分詞と過去分詞の違いの学習に実験群は被験者実演課題を用いたということだけであった。その結果現在分詞と過去分詞の違いの問題において、実験群が統制群を上回った。これらの結果から、英語の分詞学習において従来の体制化方略に基づいた指導法に被験者実演課題を加えることでより効果が現れるということが分かった

ECOMICS: A Web-Based Toolkit for Investigating the Biomolecular Web in Ecosystems Using a Trans-omics Approach

Ecosystems can be conceptually thought of as interconnected environmental and metabolic systems, in which small molecules to macro-molecules interact through diverse networks. State-of-the-art technologies in post-genomic science offer ways to inspect and analyze this biomolecular web using omics-based approaches. Exploring useful genes and enzymes, as well as biomass resources responsible for anabolism and catabolism within ecosystems will contribute to a better understanding of environmental functions and their application to biotechnology. Here we present ECOMICS, a suite of web-based tools for ECosystem trans-OMICS investigation that target metagenomic, metatranscriptomic, and meta-metabolomic systems, including biomacromolecular mixtures derived from biomass. ECOMICS is made of four integrated webtools. E-class allows for the sequence-based taxonomic classification of eukaryotic and prokaryotic ribosomal data and the functional classification of selected enzymes. FT2B allows for the digital processing of NMR spectra for downstream metabolic or chemical phenotyping. Bm-Char allows for statistical assignment of specific compounds found in lignocellulose-based biomass, and HetMap is a data matrix generator and correlation calculator that can be applied to trans-omics datasets as analyzed by these and other web tools. This web suite is unique in that it allows for the monitoring of biomass metabolism in a particular environment, i.e., from macromolecular complexes (FT2DB and Bm-Char) to microbial composition and degradation (E-class), and makes possible the understanding of relationships between molecular and microbial elements (HetMap). This website is available to the public domain at: https://database.riken.jp/ecomics/

Evaluation and Characterization of Bacterial Metabolic Dynamics with a Novel Profiling Technique, Real-Time Metabolotyping

BACKGROUND: Environmental processes in ecosystems are dynamically altered by several metabolic responses in microorganisms, including intracellular sensing and pumping, battle for survival, and supply of or competition for nutrients. Notably, intestinal bacteria maintain homeostatic balance in mammals via multiple dynamic biochemical reactions to produce several metabolites from undigested food, and those metabolites exert various effects on mammalian cells in a time-dependent manner. We have established a method for the analysis of bacterial metabolic dynamics in real time and used it in combination with statistical NMR procedures. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We developed a novel method called real-time metabolotyping (RT-MT), which performs sequential (1)H-NMR profiling and two-dimensional (2D) (1)H, (13)C-HSQC (heteronuclear single quantum coherence) profiling during bacterial growth in an NMR tube. The profiles were evaluated with such statistical methods as Z-score analysis, principal components analysis, and time series of statistical TOtal Correlation SpectroScopY (TOCSY). In addition, using 2D (1)H, (13)C-HSQC with the stable isotope labeling technique, we observed the metabolic kinetics of specific biochemical reactions based on time-dependent 2D kinetic profiles. Using these methods, we clarified the pathway for linolenic acid hydrogenation by a gastrointestinal bacterium, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens. We identified trans11, cis13 conjugated linoleic acid as the intermediate of linolenic acid hydrogenation by B. fibrisolvens, based on the results of (13)C-labeling RT-MT experiments. In addition, we showed that the biohydrogenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids serves as a defense mechanism against their toxic effects. CONCLUSIONS: RT-MT is useful for the characterization of beneficial bacterium that shows potential for use as probiotic by producing bioactive compounds