食事指導の効果に関する文献的考察

We searched papers in order to clarify standard dietary counseling practiced in Japan, and its effect. In doing so, we used the Japana Centra Revuo Medicina which is the data base for medical journal information in Japanese. We found 21 papers that would suit our purpose, classified the contents of dietary counseling, according to life style-related diseases and came up with the following results: ・Dietary counseling on obesity was 5 months long, once a month (total:5 times), on an individualized basis. It resulted in the reduction of about 2kg/m^2 in BMI and 5～6kg in body weight. ・Dietary counseling on diabetes was 8 months long on an individualized basis, and resulted in the reductions of about 3.6% in HbAlc and 75mg/dl in blood glucose. ・Dietary counseling on hypercholesterolemia was 8 months long on an individualized basis, and resulted in the reduction of about 10mg/dl in the total cholesterol. Three of the papers contained a control group in order to show the effect of dietary counseling. And they all concerned hypercholesterolemia. The authors should have adopted a research design with a control group in it

Reproducibility and validity of the food frequency questionnaire for estimating habitual dietary intake in children and adolescents

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>A previous study reported the development a 75-item food frequency questionnaire for Japanese children (CFFQ). The first aim was to examine the reproducibility and validity of the CFFQ in order to assess dietary intake among two groups; 3-11 year old children (YC group) and 12-16 year old children (AD group). The second aim was to use the CFFQ and the FFQ for adults (AFFQ), and to determine which was better suited for assessing the intake of children in each group.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A total of the 103 children participated in this study. The interval between the first CFFQ and AFFQ and the second CFFQ and AFFQ was one month. Four weighted dietary records (WDRs) were conducted once a week. Pearson's correlation coefficients between the first and second FFQs were calculated to test the reproducibility of each FFQ. Pearson's correlation coefficients between WDRs and the second FFQ were calculated for the unadjusted value and sex-, age-, and energy-adjusted values to determine the validity of each FFQ.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The final number of subjects participating in the analysis was 89. The median correlation coefficients between the first and second CFFQs and AFFQs were 0.76 and 0.73, respectively. There was some over/underestimation of nutrients in the CFFQ of the YC group and in the AFFQ of the AD group. The medians of the sex-, age-, and energy-adjusted correlation coefficients were not different between the YC and AD groups for each FFQ. The correlation coefficient in sex-, age-, and energy-adjusted value revealed that the largest number of subject with high (0.50 or more) value was obtained by the CFFQ in the YC group.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This study indicated that the CFFQ might be a useful tool for assessing habitual dietary intake of children in the YC group. Although the CFFQ agreed moderately with habitual intake, it was found to underestimate intake in theAD group. However, for the AFFQ, the ability to rank habitual intake was low. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a new FFQ or modify an existing FFQ to accurately assess the habitual diet of children in the AD group.</p

Development of a food frequency questionnaire to estimate habitual dietary intake in Japanese children

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) are used for epidemiological studies. Because of the wide variations in dietary habits within different populations, a FFQ must be developed to suit the specific group. To date, no FFQ has been developed for Japanese children. In this study, we developed a FFQ to assess the regular dietary intake of Japanese children. The FFQ included questions regarding both individual food items and mixed dishes.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Children (3-11 years of age, n = 621) were recruited as subjects. Their parents or guardians completed a weighed dietary record (WDR) for each subject in one day. We defined FOOD to be not only as a single food item but also as a mixed dish. The dieticians conceptually grouped similar FOODs as FOOD types. We used a contribution analysis and a multiple regression analysis to select FOOD types.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We obtained a total of 586 children's dietary data (297 boys and 289 girls). In addition, we obtained 1,043 FOODs. Dieticians grouped into similar FOODs, yielding 275 FOOD types. A total of 115 FOOD types were chosen using a contribution analysis and a multiple regression analysis, then we excluded overlapping items. FOOD types that were eaten by fewer than 15 subjects were excluded; 74 FOOD types remained. We also added liver-based dishes that provided a high amount of retinol. A total of 75 FOOD types were finally determined for the FFQ. The frequency response formats were classified into four type categories: seven, eight, nine and eleven, according to the general intake frequency of each FOOD type. Information on portion size was obtained from the photographs of each listed FOOD type in real scale size, which was the average amount of the children's portion sizes.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Using both a contribution analysis and a multiple regression analysis, we developed a 75-food item questionnaire from the study involving 586 children. The next step will involve the verification of FFQ reproducibility and validity.</p

デジタルカメラ付携帯情報端末機器を使用した食事調査法の疫学研究への応用

We tested the validity and feasibility of a new dietary assessment method which uses a mobile phone card attachment with a digital camera (DC) for an epidemiological study. The subjects for the validity study were faculty members and students (25 women) of Mukogawa Women\u27s University. They conducted a dietary assessment survey by the dietary record method (DR) as a gold standard method for two separate days. At the same time, they took photos of their diet with DC immediately before eating it and then transmitted the photos. After comparing both dietary assessment methods, there were significant differences in carbohydrate and dietary fiber intake. As for the correlation coefficient, energy and all other nutrients except for sodium showed statistical significant correlation. The subject for the feasibility study were 36 male employees of a company. Using the DC system, they investigated their own meals and snacks for four days (i.e. three weekdays and one holiday) during one week. Only four men out of the 36 subjects completed the four days dietary assessment by DC system. The other 32 men tried another investigation and 22 of them managed to complete the investigation. The necessity of the second investigation was caused by the fact that the subjects in question forgot to take photos, made mistakes in photo-taking, failed to place a special-purpose pen for measuring food intake alongside the food item and/or some trouble with the machines. We concluded that, though subjects in general will find it difficult to do their own dietary assessment using DC method for a multiple days, there is the possibility that a single-day assessment is feasible for estimating the average intake level of a group