Subhazard ratios of ischemic bowel syndrome in association with gender, age and co-morbidities in competing risk (death) models.

<p>Subhazard ratios of ischemic bowel syndrome in association with gender, age and co-morbidities in competing risk (death) models.</p

Ischemic Bowel Syndrome in Patients with Spinal Cord Injury: A Nationwide Study

<div><p>Purpose</p><p>The aim of this study was to determine whether spinal cord injuries (SCI) is associated with increased risk of ischemic bowel syndrome (IBS) in an Asian population by analyzing data from the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) in Taiwan.</p><p>Methods</p><p>Patients aged ≥20 years in the inpatient database with newly identified SCI from 2000 to 2011 were selected as the SCI cohort. For the non-SCI cohort, patients were selected based on a 1:4 risk-set sampling. Hospitalization with a new diagnosis of IBS during the follow-up was the main outcome measure. We used the standard univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression models to determine adjusted subhazard ratios (SHR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) in the SCI and non-SCI cohorts.</p><p>Results</p><p>Patients with SCI were at significant risk for IBS, with an adjusted SHR (aSHR) of 1.25, 95% CI = 1.04–1.51. Multivariable analysis showed individuals with SCI were associated with a greater risk of IBS than individuals without SCI among males (aSHR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.16–1.86), all age groups (≤49 y: aSHR = 2.15, 95% CI = 1.24–3.74; 50–65 y: aSHR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.15–2.88; >65 y: aSHR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.11–1.74) and those without comorbidities (aSHR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.04–1.93). Comorbidities including diabetes, hypertension, heart failure, coronary artery disease (CAD), Stroke, and end stage renal disease (ESRD) significantly increased the risk of IBS.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>Patients hospitalized for SCI have increased risks of developing IBS. Though the mechanism that predisposes SCI patients to IBS is unclear, we suggest that physicians promptly identify and treat correctable risk factors.</p></div

Comparison of incidence and subhazard ratio of ischemic bowel syndrome stratified by sex, and age in patients with and without spinal cord injury.

<p>Comparison of incidence and subhazard ratio of ischemic bowel syndrome stratified by sex, and age in patients with and without spinal cord injury.</p

Demographic characteristics of cirrhotic patients with and without renal function impairment.

<p>Demographic characteristics of cirrhotic patients with and without renal function impairment.</p

Adjusted hazard ratios of hepatorenal syndrome group for the 30-day, 30 to 90-day, 90-day to 1-year, and 1 to 3-year mortality of cirrhotic patients with acute renal failure, compared to non-hepatorenal syndrome group.

<p>Adjusted hazard ratios of hepatorenal syndrome group for the 30-day, 30 to 90-day, 90-day to 1-year, and 1 to 3-year mortality of cirrhotic patients with acute renal failure, compared to non-hepatorenal syndrome group.</p

Cumulative survival plot for cirrhotic patients with acute renal failure, chronic kidney disease, and end stage renal disease, and without renal function impairment.

<p>Cumulative survival plot for cirrhotic patients with acute renal failure, chronic kidney disease, and end stage renal disease, and without renal function impairment.</p

The 30-day, 90-day, 1-year, and 3-year mortality of cirrhotic patients with different types of renal function impairment.

<p>The 30-day, 90-day, 1-year, and 3-year mortality of cirrhotic patients with different types of renal function impairment.</p

Adjusted hazard ratios of different types of renal function impairment for the 30-day, 30 to 90-day, 90-day to 1-year, and 1 to 3-year mortality of cirrhotic patients, compared with non-renal function impairment group.

<p>Adjusted hazard ratios of different types of renal function impairment for the 30-day, 30 to 90-day, 90-day to 1-year, and 1 to 3-year mortality of cirrhotic patients, compared with non-renal function impairment group.</p

Cummulative incidence of ischemic bowel syndrome compared in patients with and without SCI using the Kaplan-Meier method.

<p>Cummulative incidence of ischemic bowel syndrome compared in patients with and without SCI using the Kaplan-Meier method.</p

Incidence, and hazard ratio of ischemic bowel syndrome among patients with different level spine injuries.

<p>Incidence, and hazard ratio of ischemic bowel syndrome among patients with different level spine injuries.</p