Total polysaccharides, 1,3-β-D-glucan, triterpenoids, polyphenols, and flavonoids of <i>A</i>. <i>camphorata</i> fruiting body.

<p>Total polysaccharides, 1,3-β-D-glucan, triterpenoids, polyphenols, and flavonoids of <i>A</i>. <i>camphorata</i> fruiting body.</p

Antioxidant effects of EE-AC.

<p>(A) Determination of DPPH-scavenging ability. (B) Measurement of SOD-like-scavenging activity. Vitamin C (Vit C) was used as a positive control. Values are represented as percentage of negative control (C; 0.1% DMSO). Data are presented as mean ± SD. **<i>p</i> < 0.01; ***<i>p</i> < 0.001.</p

Effects of EE-AC on the induction of apoptosis in B16-F0 cells.

<p>(A) Cells were treated with 0.1% DMSO (negative control) or IC₅₀ values of cisplatin (10 μM) or EE-AC (50 μg/mL) for 48 h and then stained with annexin V-FITC and PI. The annexin V-FITC signal is shown on the X axis; the PI signal is shown on the Y axis. A representative dot plot of the FACScan profile shows the percentage of early apoptotic cells in the right-bottom panel of each plot. (B) Cells were treated with 0.1% DMSO (negative control) or cisplatin (10 μM), or EE-AC (50 μg/mL) for 48 h. Nuclear morphology was examined with an inverted fluorescence microscope. Arrows indicate condensed or fragmented nuclei. Scale bars represent 10 μm.</p

Effects of cisplatin and the ethanolic extract of <i>Antrodia camphorata</i> fruiting body (EE-AC) on cell cycle regulation in B16-F0 cells.

<p>Effects of cisplatin and the ethanolic extract of <i>Antrodia camphorata</i> fruiting body (EE-AC) on cell cycle regulation in B16-F0 cells.</p

The cytotoxic effect of EE-AC on B16-F0 cells.

<p>Cells were treated with 0.1% DMSO (negative control) or various concentrations of drug for 48 h. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay. (A) Cytotoxicity of cisplatin against B16-F0 cells. (B) Cytotoxicity of EE-AC against B16-F0 cells (Black bars) or HEK-293 cells (Grey bars).</p

Anti-melanogenic effect of EE-AC in cell-free system.

<p>(A) Determination of Cu⁺² reducing power of EE-AC. Vitamin C (Vit C) was used as a reference antioxidant. Values are significantly different by comparison with the negative control (C; 0.1% DMSO), and the data are presented as mean ± SD. **<i>p</i> < 0.01; ***<i>p</i> < 0.001. (B) Determination of mushroom tyrosinase activity. Kojic acid was used as a positive control. Results are represented as percentages of negative control (0.1% DMSO), and the data are presented as mean ± SD. Values are significantly different by comparison with the negative control. *<i>p</i> < 0.05; **<i>p</i> < 0.01; ***<i>p</i> < 0.001.</p

EE-AC inhibits the motility of B16-F0 cells.

<p>B16-F0 cells were scratched and treated with 0.1% DMSO (negative control) or IC₅₀ values of cisplatin (10 μM) or EE-AC (50 μg/mL). Inhibition of migration was observed using a phase contrast microscope (100 × magnification) at 0, 6, 12 and 18 h (Top panel), and the closure of the wound area was calculated (bottom panel). Values are significantly different by comparison with the cisplatin group. *<i>p</i> < 0.05; ***<i>p</i> < 0.001.</p