Stress-strain analysis of pipelines laid in permafrost

Increasing reliability of pipelines becomes a real challenge at all stages: design, construction and operation of pipeline systems. It is very important to determine the behaviour of the constructed pipeline under the operational and environmental loads using the design model in accordance with that one adopted in the rules and regulations. This article presents the simulation of pipeline in permafrost. The evaluation of the stress-strain state is given herein and the areas of the stress concentration are detected with the account for different loads occurred during the pipeline operation. Information obtained from the assessment of the stress-strain state of the pipeline allows determining sections in pre-emergency state (even before damages) and take all the necessary measures for eliminating them, thus increasing the pipeline system reliability. It is shown that the most critical pipeline cross-section is observed at the point of transition from one environment to another. The maximum strains decrease the level of the pipeline reliability. The finite element model is presented to determine the pipeline sections in pre-emergency state

Non-thermal transport of energy driven by photoexcited carriers in switchable solid states of GeTe

Phase change alloys have seen widespread use from rewritable optical discs to the present day interest in their use in emerging neuromorphic computing architectures. In spite of this enormous commercial interest, the physics of carriers in these materials is still not fully understood. Here, we describe the time and space dependence of the coupling between photoexcited carriers and the lattice in both the amorphous and crystalline states of one phase change material, GeTe. We study this using a time-resolved optical technique called picosecond acoustic method to investigate the \textit{in situ} thermally assisted amorphous to crystalline phase transformation in GeTe. Our work reveals a clear evolution of the electron-phonon coupling during the phase transformation as the spectra of photoexcited acoustic phonons in the amorphous ($a$-GeTe) and crystalline ($\alpha$-GeTe) phases are different. In particular and surprisingly, our analysis of the photoinduced acoustic pulse duration in crystalline GeTe suggests that a part of the energy deposited during the photoexcitation process takes place over a distance that clearly exceeds that defined by the pump light skin depth. In the opposite, the lattice photoexcitation process remains localized within that skin depth in the amorphous state. We then demonstrate that this is due to supersonic diffusion of photoexcited electron-hole plasma in the crystalline state. Consequently these findings prove the existence of a non-thermal transport of energy which is much faster than lattice heat diffusion

Theory of coherent acoustic phonons in InGaN/GaN multi-quantum wells

A microscopic theory for the generation and propagation of coherent LA phonons in pseudomorphically strained wurzite (0001) InGaN/GaN multi-quantum well (MQW) p-i-n diodes is presented. The generation of coherent LA phonons is driven by photoexcitation of electron-hole pairs by an ultrafast Gaussian pump laser and is treated theoretically using the density matrix formalism. We use realistic wurzite bandstructures taking valence-band mixing and strain-induced piezo- electric fields into account. In addition, the many-body Coulomb ineraction is treated in the screened time-dependent Hartree-Fock approximation. We find that under typical experimental conditions, our microscopic theory can be simplified and mapped onto a loaded string problem which can be easily solved.Comment: 20 pages, 17 figure

Ceramic materials based on silicon-containing mineral raw material

The possibility of using silicon-containing mineral raw material (quartz sand and sandy opoka) mined in the Belgorod region for manufacturing ceramic materials with a combination of high thermostability and satisfac-tory mechanical compressive strength was demonstratedyesBelgorod State Universit

Ceramic materials based on silicon-containing mineral raw material

yesThe possibility of using silicon-containing mineral raw material (quartz sand and sandy opoka) mined in the Belgorod region for manufacturing ceramic materials with a combination of high thermostability and satisfac-tory mechanical compressive strength was demonstratedBelgorod State Universit