ANTI-HYPERGLYCEMIC EFFECT OF HYDRO-ALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF THUNBERGIA FRAGRANS IN EXPERIMENTAL DIABETES

Objective: The aim of present research was undertaken to find out the effect of the potential Antidiabetic activity of Thunbergiafragrans and their effects on key metabolic enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism on alloxan induced diabetes in wistar rats. Methods: In this study the plant extract was taken and measuring the changes in Blood glucose, Body weight, Glycogen content, Hematological & biochemical parameters, Hepatic glucokinase& hexokinase activity, and Glucose-6-phosphate levels inalloxan-induced diabetic rats. Results: The effects produced by this plant extract on different parameters were compared with glipizide. Conclusion: This extract also showed improvement in the parameters like body weight, liver glycogen content and carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes, as well as regeneration of β-cells of pancreas and so might be of value in diabetes treatmen

A PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF DRUG UTILIZATION PATTERN OF ANTI-EPILEPTIC DRUGS AND THEIR ADVERSE EFFECTS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

Objective: Epilepsy or seizure disorder is a common neurologic disorder in the pediatric age group and occurs with a frequency of 4-6 cases per thousand children. Epilepsy, particularly childhood epilepsy, remains a challenge to treat. The management of epilepsy is primarily based on theuse of anti-epileptic drugs. Surgery and diet therapy are the other modes of treating childhood seizures. To get an insight into the utilization pattern of anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) used in pediatric seizures.Methods: This prospective, longitudinal study was conducted for a period of 8months in Paediatric Neurology Department of a tertiary care teaching hospital. The data collected from 50 children at the end of the study, were compiled in a specially designed data form and were analyzed.Results: The distribution of paediatric seizures was found to be high in male children (62%) and in the age group of 2 to 5 y (46%). The majority of the children (70%) were diagnosed with Generalized Tonic-clonic seizures. Sodium valproate was the commonly prescribed AED in all forms of seizures followed by Carbamazepine (18%), Phenobarbitone (4%) and Phenytoin Sodium (4%). AEDs were mostly prescribed as monotherapy (82%). Adverse reactions noted during this study was minimal (12%).Conclusion: Sodium valproate, a conventional AED still remains the commonly prescribed AED for all types of seizures in children aged 2 to 16 y and also was found to be effective and safe

Hepatoprotective Activity of Cnidoscolus Chayamansa against Rifampicin and Isoniazide Induced Toxicity in Wistar Rats

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of ethanolic extract of Cnidoscolus chayamansa leaves in experimentally drug induced hepatitis in rats. Rats were divided into five different groups each having six. Group 1 served as a control, Group 2 received Rifampicin (RIF) (100 mg/kg, i.p.) and coadministered with Isoniazid (INH) (100 mg/kg, i.p.), in sterile water, group 4 and 5 served as extract treatment groups and received 200 & 400 mg/kg, orally, ethanolic extract of Cnidoscolus chayamansa and group 3 served as standard group and received Silymarin 2.5 mg/kg orally. All the treatment protocols followed 21 days and after which rats were sacrificed, blood and liver were taken for biochemical and histological studies, respectively. The Rifampicin (RIF) and Isoniazid INH treated group rats (G2) showed variable increase in serum AST, ALT, ALP, total protein and total bilirubin levels. Administration of ethanolic extracts of Cnidoscolus chayamansa significantly prevented Rifampicin-Isoniazidinduced elevation in the levels of serum diagnostic liver marker enzymes aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level in experimental groups of rats. Moreover, total protein and total albumin levels were significantly increased in treatment groups. The effect of extract was compared with a standard drug, Silymarin. The changes in biochemical parameters were supported by histological profile. It is concluded that the ethanolic extract of Cnidoscolus chayamansa protects against rifampicin and Isoniazid-induced oxidative liver injury in rats

Suitability of external controls for drug evaluation in Duchenne muscular dystrophy

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the suitability of real-world data (RWD) and natural history data (NHD) for use as external controls in drug evaluations for ambulatory Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). METHODS: The consistency of changes in the 6-minute walk distance (Δ6MWD) was assessed across multiple clinical trial placebo arms and sources of NHD/RWD. Six placebo arms reporting 48-week Δ6MWD were identified via literature review and represented 4 sets of inclusion/exclusion criteria (n = 383 patients in total). Five sources of RWD/NHD were contributed by Universitaire Ziekenhuizen Leuven, DMD Italian Group, The Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group, ImagingDMD, and the PRO-DMD-01 study (n = 430 patients, in total). Mean Δ6MWD was compared between each placebo arm and RWD/NHD source after subjecting the latter to the inclusion/exclusion criteria of the trial for baseline age, ambulatory function, and steroid use. Baseline covariate adjustment was investigated in a subset of patients with available data. RESULTS: Analyses included ∼1,200 patient-years of follow-up. Differences in mean Δ6MWD between trial placebo arms and RWD/NHD cohorts ranged from -19.4 m (i.e., better outcomes in RWD/NHD) to 19.5 m (i.e., worse outcomes in RWD/NHD) and were not statistically significant before or after covariate adjustment. CONCLUSIONS: We found that Δ6MWD was consistent between placebo arms and RWD/NHD subjected to equivalent inclusion/exclusion criteria. No evidence for systematic bias was detected. These findings are encouraging for the use of RWD/NHD to augment, or possibly replace, placebo controls in DMD trials. Multi-institution collaboration through the Collaborative Trajectory Analysis Project rendered this study feasible

Deep learning enabled blockchain based electronic heathcare data attack detection for smart health systems

The idea of networked personal medical devices is a component of contemporary Smart Health Systems (SHS). These gadgets offer remote observing and the exchange of wellbeing information, which enormously further develop the patient's personal satisfaction while at the same time reducing treatment expenses for both the patient and the medical care suppliers (telemedicine). For individuals' wellbeing, a cutting edge individual wellbeing record framework is fundamental. Here, there are still difficulties with information mix from different EHRs, information interoperability, and guaranteeing that admittance to information is totally under the power of the patient. Some security issues are caused by the Network. To settle these issues, we propose a novel profound learning-based framework that circuits state of the art decentralized innovations like IPFS and blockchain with wellbeing information interoperability principles and advances like FHIR's APIs. In this review, we show that correspondence between private clinical gadgets is as a matter of fact powerless to different cyber attacks. We show how an outer assailant could involve man-in-the-center, replay, bogus information infusion, and refusal of-administration assaults to block delicate wellbeing information stream by capturing the correspondence of the individual clinical gadget. We likewise suggest an Interruption Recognition Framework (IDS), GAN, to additional screen traffic on private clinical gear and spot attacks against them. Our extensive investigation shows that GAN, with an F1-score of 98 % and an accuracy of 98.7 %, can successfully and accurately recognise numerous assaults on personal medical equipment

Synthesis, crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of diacetatobis[4-(2-aminoethyl)morpholine]cadmium tetrahydrate

The title coordination compound, [Cd(C2H3O2)2(C6H14N2O)2]·4H2O, was synthesized by mixing 2 moles of 4-(2-aminoethyl)morpholine and 1 mole of cadmium acetate in double-distilled water. The Cd atom is octahedrally coordinated by two N,N′-bidentate ligands [4-(2-aminoethyl)morpholine] and two trans-located acetate molecules. The Cd atom is located on a center of inversion, whereas the 4-(2-aminoethyl)morpholine and four water molecules are adjacent to the acetate molecules. The chair conformation of the morpholine molecules is confirmed. In the crystal, adjacent metal complexes and uncoordinated water molecules are linked via N—H...O and O—H...O hydrogen-bonding interactions, generating R22(6), R66(16), R66(20) and S11(6) motifs and forming a three-dimensional network. A Hirshfeld surface analysis indicated the contributions of various contacts: H...H (71.8%), O...H/H...O (27.1%), and C...H/H...C (1.0%)

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