Transient adrenal Insufficiency and post-treatment bradycardia in scrub typhus - a case report

Scrub typhus appears throughout the Asia-Pacific rim. This disease is known for its diverse clinical manifestations and complications. There is no literature on the association of scrub typhus with adrenal insufficiency. Relative bradycardia has been reported in scrub typhus during the febrile phase but not during convalescence. We report the case of a 45-year-old woman with scrub typhus whose blood pressure was persistently low due to acute adrenal insufficiency. Adrenal failure responded to supplementation with steroids. She also developed sinus bradycardia during the afebrile period following treatment

Crystal structure of 2-{[(2-chlorophenyl)imino]methyl}phenol

In the title compound, C13H10ClNO, the dihedral angle between the planes of the aromatic rings is 51.42 (9)° and an intramolecular O—H...N hydrogen bond closes an S(6) ring. The Cl atom and the N atom are syn. No directional interactions beyond van der Waals contacts are observed in the crystal

Crystal structure of 3-acetoxy-2-methylbenzoic acid

In the title molecule, C10H10O4, the carboxylic acid group is twisted by 11.37 (15)° from the plane of the benzene ring and the acetoxy group is twisted from this plane by 86.60 (17)°. In the crystal, molecules are linked by pairs of O—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming inversion dimers with the expected R22(8) graph-set motif

Simultaneous detection of LipL32 and LipL21 genes of pathogenic leptospira from serum samples of bovines by multiplex PCR

<p>Leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease of cattle associated with pathogenic leptospiral infection. This study focuses in the use of a molecular tool to detect pathogenic leptospiral infection in bovines by targeting the outer membrane proteins LipL32 and LipL21 simultaneously in a multiplex PCR. Sixteen pathogenic reference strains and 10 bovine serum samples were analyzed for simultaneous detection of both genes at appropriate annealing conditions. These findings are suggestive of the fact that multiplex PCR can be used to detect major outer membrane proteins of pathogenic leptospira from serum samples. Further it aided in the differentiation of pathogenic and non-pathogenic species of leptospires too. This study will definitely serve as a valuable tool, as it suggests the importance of <em>LipL32</em> genes as potential candidates for vaccine development to control animal Leptospirosis.</p

National conference on Nanomaterials for Environmental [NCNER-2015] Facile Synthesis of Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles using Solvothermal Method and Their implementation in Sensor Applications

Abstract : In the present study, NiO nanoparticles with average particle size of 35 nm were successfully prepared by solvothermal method. Thecrystal microstructure,composition, morphologyand particle size distribution of product was analyzed by using X-ray diffraction (XRD),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and EDAX. A sensor for detection of vapors of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as ethanol, isopropyl alcohol and acetone is tested using NiO nanoparticles. One of the key features of the sensor is the use of nanostructured NiO material which has been synthesized using a novel low cost process. Considerable reduction in the operating temperature of the sensor has been achieved by using nanostructured NiO material. The maximum sensitivity of sensor was observed for Ethanol

Acute toxicity and the 28-day repeated dose study of a Siddha medicine Nuna Kadugu in rats

Abstract Background Nuna Kadugu (NK), a Siddha medicine prepared from leaves and fruits of Morinda Pubescens, used for the treatment of various skin diseases. Though NK has been widely used for several decades, no scientific report was available on its safety. Present study was undertaken to demonstrate the oral toxicity of NK in Sprague Dawley rats. Methods Acute and 28-day repeated oral toxicity studies were performed following OECD test guidelines 423 and 407, respectively, with minor modifications. In acute oral toxicity study, NK was administered at 2000mg/kg b.wt., p.o and animals were observed for toxic signs at 0, 0.5, 1, 4, 24 h and for next 14 days. Gross pathology was performed at the end of the study. In repeated dose, the 28- day oral toxicity study, NK was administered at 300, 600 and 900 mg/kg b.wt./p.o/day. Two satellite groups (control and high dose) were also maintained to determine the delayed onset toxicity of NK. Animals were observed for mortality, morbidity, body weight changes, feed and water intake. Haematology, clinical biochemistry, electrolytes, gross pathology, relative organ weight and histopathological examination were performed. Results In acute toxicity study, no treatment related death or toxic signs were observed with NK administration. In the repeated dose study, no significant differences in body weight changes, food / water intake, haematology, clinical biochemistry and electrolytes content were observed between control and NK groups. No gross pathological findings and difference in relative organ weights were observed between control and NK treated rats. Histopathological examination revealed no abnormalities with NK treatment. Conclusion Acute study reveals that the LD50 of NK is greater than 2000mg/kg, b.wt. in fasted female rats and can be classified as Category 5. 28-day repeated oral toxicity demonstrates that the No Observed Adverse Effect Level of NK is greater than 900 mg/kg b.wt./day, p.o in rats. There were no delayed effects in NK satellite group. In conclusion, NK was found to be non-toxic in the tested doses and experimental conditions.</p

CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL PROFILE OF SALMONELLA TYPHI AND PARATYPHI INFECTIONS PRESENTING AS FEVER OF UNKNOWN ORIGIN IN A TROPICAL COUNTRY.

Background: Enteric fever, a common infection in the tropics and endemic to India, often manifests as an acute febrile illness. However, presentation as fever of unknown origin (FUO) is not uncommon in tropical countries. Methods: We aim to describe the clinical, laboratory and pathological features of cases hospitalized with fever of unknown origin and diagnosed as enteric fever. All culture proven cases of enteric fever were analyzed retrospectively over a period of three years from January 2011 to December 2013. Results: Seven of 88(8%) cases with enteric fever presented as FUO. Abdominal pain was the most common symptom besides fever. Relative bradycardia and splenomegaly were uncommon. Thrombocytopenia was the most common haematological abnormality, while leucopenia was rare. Transaminase elevation was almost universal. S.Typhi and S.Paratyphi were isolated from six cases and one case respectively.  Yield of organisms from blood culture was superior to that of bone marrow aspirate. Multiple granulomas were identified in 4 out of 6 (67%) of the bone marrows studied, including that due to S. Paratyphi and histiocytic hemophagocytosis was noted in two cases. Conclusion: FUO is a relatively common manifestation of enteric fever in the tropics. Clinical and laboratory features may be atypical in such cases, including absence of relative bradycardia, leucopenia and presence of thrombocytopenia, bicytopenia or pancytopenia.  Moreover, in endemic countries, enteric fever should be considered as a differential diagnosis, next to tuberculosis, in the evaluation of bone marrow granulomas in cases with FUO and culture correlation should be mandatory