22 research outputs found

    Russia’s Birth Rate Dynamics Forecasting

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    This article covers contemporary issues of Russia’s population reproduction, their causes and the state policy aimed to overcome the same. The urgency to fulfill the task related to assessment of the most probable future dynamics of Russia’s population birth rate in the context of a low child-woman ratio, and subject to an impact of pronatalist policies implemented by the state, is justified. In order to fulfill the task based on the crude birth rate behavior probability distribution function, a probabilistic assessment of future dynamics of Russia’s population reproduction has been carried out. Based on a modernized method suggested by Hurst, the following two forecasting paths of the crude birth rate dynamics have been built: the first path conforms to the scenario where a value of the crude birth rate is to tend to values between 8–10.5 births/1,000 people (probability is 0.182), in particular, through a negative external impact, the second path is to tend to values between 13–16.5 births/1,000 people (probability β€” 0.618), in particular, through a positive external impact. Notwithstanding that these scenarios significantly differ from each other, the paths of the crude birth rate dynamics for 2015–2041, corresponding to the reliable prediction time, forecasted according to the abovementioned scenarios, are virtually identical. The analysis of the findings allowed for the conclusion that the state demographic policy is not capable of having a significant impact on the future dynamics of the birth rate, substantially determined by the current situation and conjuncture shifts. These conclusions confirm the view prevailing in academic circles and suggesting that the state regulation of Russia’s demographic situation should be primarily focused on the improvement in health and a rise in the life expectancy of the population.The research has been prepared with the support of the Russian Science Foundation grant (Project No. 14-18-00574 β€œInformation and analytic systems β€œAnticrisis”: diagnostics of the regions, threat evaluation and scenario forecasting to preserve and reinforce the welfare of Russia”)

    ВозмоТности Π½Π°ΡƒΠΊΠΈ Π² ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌ Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΈ: Β«ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉΒ»

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    The purpose of the study is to identify the main conditions that ensure the influence of science on innovation, especially in terms of technological innovation. Comparative and structural analysis, application of measurement procedures, and evaluation of empirical data constitute the methodology of the study. The results of the study can be reduced to a number of provisions confirmed by analysis. Firstly, in Russia, in the course of permanent reorganizations, the institutional, informational, funding, and even personnel potential (due to a reduction in the number of researchers) was greatly weakened. Thus, the impact of scientific knowledge on the innovation process was clearly reduced, although the thesis that innovations are always results of scientific activities is difficult to dispute. Secondly, we should not talk about it as a direct relationship, but through the time lags. It is they who become a stumbling block in the conducting and planning current scientific and technological policy. Thirdly, the author has showed the main problems of technological innovation in Russia, identified in the course of many years of author’s research, supporting the important conclusion about the lack of an accurate representation and measurement of the level of technological effectiveness of the economy. The author has also proposed to solve this problem by detailing and improving accounting and statistical procedures in the field of technology, e. g., by means of technological maps, as well as by introducing an indicator as technology coverage of relevant objects (enterprises, regions, etc.). The current piece measurement of technologies does not consider coverage. Such an omission causes a significant distortion in the assessment of the technological level, as well as in further studies of the relationship between basic science, R&D, and technological development.ЦСлью ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠΈ выступаСт выявлСниС основных условий, ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… влияниС Π½Π°ΡƒΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ сфСры Π΄Π΅ΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ, особСнно Π² Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π΅Π·Π΅ тСхнологичСских ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ. ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡŽ составляСт ΡΡ€Π°Π²Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΈ структурный Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡ€, ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° эмпиричСских Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ…. ΠžΠ±Ρ‰ΠΈΠΉ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ исслСдования сводится ΠΊ ряду ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ΄Ρ‘Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. Π’ΠΎ-ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²Ρ‹Ρ…, Π² России Π² Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΌΠ°Π½Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ€Π΅ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ сильно Π±Ρ‹Π» ослаблСн ΠΈΠ½ΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ‚ΡƒΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ, ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ, Ρ„ΠΎΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΈ Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°Π΄Ρ€ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π» (Π·Π° счёт сокращСния числа исслСдоватСлСй), ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ, явно ΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ влияниС Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ знания Π½Π° ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ процСсс, хотя тСзис, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ всСгда ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ‡Π΅ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ, Ρ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠ΄Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ. Π’ΠΎ-Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ…, Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡ΡŒ слСдуСт вСсти Π½Π΅ ΠΎ прямой Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ связи, Π° Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π· Π»Π°Π³ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ. ИмСнно ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ становятся ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ½Π΅ΠΌ прСткновСния Π² ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΊΡƒΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΎ-тСхничСской ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ. Π’-Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Ρ‚ΡŒΠΈΡ…, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Ρ‹ основныС ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ‹ тСхнологичСских ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ для России, выявлСнныС Π² Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ»Π΅Ρ‚Π½ΠΈΡ… исслСдований Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ Π²Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΠ± отсутствии Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ прСдставлСния ΠΈ измСрСния уровня тСхнологичности экономики. ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡƒΡŽ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡƒ Π·Π° счёт Π΄Π΅Ρ‚Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡƒΡ‡Ρ‘Ρ‚Π½ΠΎ-статистичСских ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡ€ Π² области Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ, Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€, посрСдством тСхнологичСских ΠΊΠ°Ρ€Ρ‚, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π²Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ показатСля ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΡ…Π²Π°Ρ‚ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² (прСдприятий, Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Ρ‚. Π΄.). Π‘ΡƒΡ‰Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΉ ΡˆΡ‚ΡƒΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΡƒΡ‡Ρ‘Ρ‚ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠ·Π±Π΅Π³Π°Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΡ…Π²Π°Ρ‚Π°, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ вносит сущСствСнноС искаТСниС Π² ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΡƒ тСхнологичСского уровня, ΠΈ Π² дальнСйшиС исслСдования взаимосвязи Ρ„ΡƒΠ½Π΄Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°ΡƒΠΊΠΈ, НИОКР ΠΈ тСхнологичСского развития

    Consequences of Raising The Retirement Age for the Labor Market in the Regions of Russia

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    The article presents the results of a study aimed at assessing the consequences for the labor market of raising the retirement age in Russia. The foreign experience of raising the retirement age, on the basis of which a number of characteristic moments of this process are highlighted, is presented. The review of the scientific literature showed a polemical character of the problem under investigation and allowed to formulate a hypothesis of the study, which is as follows: raising the retirement age will lead to an increase in the supply of labor, which will entail the reduction of the labor price. The article presents an analysis of the current situation in the labor market. Since the raise of the retirement age will require the availability of vacant jobs in an amount not less than the number of people detained in the labor market, two tasks have been solved in this study. In the first task, the change in the average wage was calculated, provided that the number of jobs will meet the increased need, i.e. unemployment will remain at the same level. In the second task, the number of jobs is fixed to estimate the potential effect of raising the retirement age. Evaluation of the effect of raising the retirement age with a fixed number of jobs was carried out by constructing a regression relationship between wages and unemployment, differences in age groups were taken into account by introducing fictitious shift and tilt variables into the model. According to the calculations obtained under the first and second tasks, wages will decrease with the raising of the retirement age by one year for both sexes. The results of the study showed that the decision to raise the retirement age should be accompanied by a number of serious additional measures, primarily in the employment of population sector. Β© 2019, Economic Laboratory for Transition Research. All rights reserved.Russian Science Foundation,Β RSF: 14-18-00574The research is conducted with the support of the Russian Science Foundation, Project No. 14-18-00574 "Anti-Crisis Information and Analysis System: Diagnostics of Regions, Threat Assessment, and Scenario Forecasting in Order to Preserve and Enhance Economic Security and Improve Welfare of Russia, an information-analytical system.

    Estimating the Multiplier Effect of Investment Projects of the Far Eastern Federal District on Regional Socio-Economic Development

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    Π”Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ Ρ„Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΎΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠ³ Π² настоящСС врСмя являСтся ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡ‰Π°Π΄ΠΊΠΎΠΉ для Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ порядка Π΄Π²ΡƒΡ… тысяч инвСстиционных ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ Π² ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅ΠΌ объСмС ΡƒΠΆΠ΅ профинансированы Π½Π° сумму ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ 700 ΠΌΠ»Ρ€Π΄ Ρ€ΡƒΠ±. Π‘Ρ€Π΅Π΄ΠΈ ΡƒΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… эффСктов ΠΎΡ‚ Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π²Π²ΠΎΠ΄ Π² ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡƒΠ°Ρ‚Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ порядка 270 прСдприятий ΠΈ созданиС ΡΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅ 40 тыс. Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‡ΠΈΡ… мСст. ЦСлью Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ° ΠΈ апробация инструмСнтария ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΠΈΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ влияния инвСстиционных ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡƒ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ развития. ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ исслСдования - ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π³Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΉ позволяСт Π°Π³Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π² ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρƒ ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Ρƒ вСсь ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΡŒ Ρ€Π°Π·Π½ΠΎΡ€Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… характСристик ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ². БоставлСн ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ Ρ€Π΅ΠΉΡ‚ΠΈΠ½Π³ инвСстиционных ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈΡ… совокупного Π²ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π° Π² Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ΅. ВОП-3 Ρ€Π΅ΠΉΡ‚ΠΈΠ½Π³Π° составили: ΡΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎ Π³ΠΎΡ€Π½ΠΎ-ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ³Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ комплСкса Инаглинский (1-Π΅ мСсто Π² Ρ€Π΅ΠΉΡ‚ΠΈΠ½Π³Π΅ Π·Π° счСт наибольшСго экономичСского эффСкта, ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ΄Π°Π΅ΠΌΡ‹ΠΌ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ€Π°Ρ‰Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π’Π ΠŸ Π² объСмС 252 ΠΌΠ»Ρ€Π΄ Ρ€ΡƒΠ±.), космодром «Восточный» (2-Π΅ мСсто Π² Ρ€Π΅ΠΉΡ‚ΠΈΠ½Π³Π΅ Π·Π° счСт ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ΄Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ создания Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… 4000 Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‡ΠΈΡ… мСст), ΡΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎ Бахалинской Π“Π Π­Π‘-2 (3-Π΅ мСсто Π² Ρ€Π΅ΠΉΡ‚ΠΈΠ½Π³Π΅ Π·Π° счСт коммСрчСского эффСкта, ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ΄Π°Π΅ΠΌΡ‹ΠΌ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌ частных инвСстиций Π² объСмС 432 ΠΌΠ»Ρ€Π΄ Ρ€ΡƒΠ±.). Π”Π΅Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ исслСдованиС ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΉ инвСстиционных ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² Π”Π€Πž Π² пространствС ΠΊΠΎΠΎΡ€Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ‚ Β«Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΡ„Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ - ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ-экономичСскоС Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Β» ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ Π΄Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²Π΅Π½Π½ΡƒΡŽ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΡƒ ΠΌΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΠΈΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² Π² ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΡŒ развития экономики ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ сфСры Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΡ… Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ. ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΆΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ инвСстиционных ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² Π”Π€Πž, ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠΏΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Ρ‹, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΠΉ пСрспСктивС высокиС количСствСнныС Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹, Ρ€Π°Π·Π½ΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡŽΡ‚ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ-экономичСскиС ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² присутствия. ΠžΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡ‚ΡŒ примСнСния Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² исслСдования Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ Π² Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ государствСнной ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠΏΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… инвСстиционных ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ², Π² Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ числС поискС ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π»Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… источников финансирования, Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ систСмы мСроприятий для обСспСчСния Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ инвСстиционного ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π° Π² Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΠΈ создания Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Π±ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ инфраструктуры.Approximately two thousand investment projects, which have already been financed at a cost of about 700 billion roubles, are being implemented in the Far Eastern Federal District. The effects from the implementation of these projects include the commissioning of about 270 enterprises and creation of over 40 thousand jobs. The paper aims to develop and test tools for estimating the multiplier effect of investment projects on the dynamics of regional development indicators. The integral analysis method was used to aggregate various multi-dimensional characteristics of selected projects into one synthetic indicator. As a result, a generalised ranking of investment projects was compiled to assess their combined contribution to regional development. The top-3 projects are: 1) Inaglinsky mining and processing plant (has the greatest economic effect estimated by the expected gross regional product increment of252 billion roubles); 2) Vostochny Cosmodrome (is expected to create 4,000 new jobs); 3) Sakhalin GRES-2 (has a commercial effect estimated by the expected inflow of private investment in the amount of 432 billion roubles). A detailed study of Far Eastern investment projects in the coordinate space β€œregional efficiency - regional socio-economic development” allowed us to quantify their multiplicative contribution to socio-economic development of the regions. According to the ranking of investment projects in the Far Eastern Federal District, the largest projects, expected to show high quantitative results, have a multidirectional impact on the socio-economic indicators of the regions of operation. The research results can be used to develop national and regional support programmes for major investment projects to attract additional funding, establish a system of measures for maintaining a favourable investment climate in the region, as well as to create the necessary infrastructure

    FEATURES OF REGIONAL ECONOMY

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    The article deals with the features of regional economy formation and the factors of the formation of the regional economic complex. The authors investigate conditions in the effective regional economic development

    How to Raise Pensions by Legalizing Informal Employment

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    The article presents the study on the problems of imbalances in the Russian pension system, which prevent ensuring the provision of decent pensions for the population at a level that is adequate to their labor contribution. In this study, the authors set a goal of substantiating proposals for building a balanced pension system in Russia. They considered the possibility of increasing the number of workers (contributors to the pension system) by legalizing the informal employment as a reserve for increasing the receipts of insurance contributions to the pension system. In performing of the study was tested the working hypothesis, which is: to ensure a balanced pension system in Russia and raise the pensions, such reserve of increasing the number of contributors as the legalization of informal employment is sufficient. The article set and addressed the optimization problem of legalizing the informal sector of the Russian economy within the existing unfunded pension system in case of raising the pensions to 40% of lost earnings. The authors built a non-linear programming optimization problem based on the balance equation of unfunded pension system. They presented a number of test estimates and conclusions drawn on their basis. First, to ensure a balanced pension system in Russia and raise the pensions, such reserve for increasing the number of contributors as the legalization of informal employment is significant but not sufficient. Secondly, a 40% wage replacement rate can be achieved only in case of virtually complete legalization of population employment in the informal sector. Thirdly, the authors identified the particular characteristics of informal employment legalization in specific economic activities

    Modelling the Assessment of the Impact of Industry Factors on the Level of the Territories’ Socio-Economic Development and Economic Security

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    Nowadays, folk arts and crafts are not only a form of economic activity, but also a part of the Russian cultural heritage. However, in the context of crisis, slowdown of production volumes, and reduction of output, the independent existence of this industry is threatened. What is more, these factors jeopardize the level of economic security of the territories, where this type of activity primarily creates the territory's value added and serves as the only source of income for its population. The paper aims to discover such instruments of impact on the development of territories taking into account their industry specificity, as the point pressure on them will lead to economic growth. In this regard, we determined the study's objectives. They include identification of factors that most affect the industry's development; calculation of a composite integral indicator for assessing the level of the industry's development in a particular region; quantitative assessment of the identified factors' impact on the industry's development in the pilot regions. The main research methods are integrated analysis for ranking the regions, and correlation and regression modelling for assessing the impact of industry factors on the level of the territories' socio-economic development. We hypothesise that the creation of conditions for the development of the region's main industry will not only stimulate its socio-economic growth, but also provide the necessary level of economic security. As a result, we have compiled a rating of the territories (including the Arkhangelsk, Vladimir, Nizhny Novgorod, Moscow regions and the Republic of Dagestan) and identified stimulating and discouraging factors in the industry's development (historical, cultural, economic and social). Based on these findings, we have determined the instruments for influencing the industry in constituent entities. In conclusion, the proposed approach allowed us to establish the stimulating and discouraging factors in the industry's development and to determine the tools for influencing the industry of an individual constituent entity in order to increase the region's level of socioeconomic development and ensure its economic security. Β© 2020 Institute of Economics, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.Народно-худоТСствСнныС промыслы сСгодня ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π½Π΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ экономичСской Π΄Π΅ΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ Ρ‡Π°ΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ наслСдия России. Однако Π² условиях кризиса, падСния объСмов производства, сокращСния выпуска ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ ставится ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΡƒΠ³Ρ€ΠΎΠ·Ρƒ Π½Π΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ сущСствованиС Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ отрасли, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΡŒ экономичСской бСзопасности Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΉ присутствия, Π³Π΄Π΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ Π΄Π΅ΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ являСтся основным Π² создании Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ стоимости Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ СдинствСнным источником Π΄ΠΎΡ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΡ… насСлСния. ЦСлью Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ являСтся поиск Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΡ… инструмСнтов влияния Π½Π° Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΉ с ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡ… отраслСвой спСцифики, Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠ΅ воздСйствиС Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΊ экономичСскому росту. Π—Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡Π°ΠΌΠΈ исслСдования Π² этой связи ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ², Π² наибольшСй ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π½Π° Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ΅ отрасли, расчСт сводного ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π³Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ показатСля ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ уровня развития отрасли Π² ΠΎΡ‚Π΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π΅, количСствСнная ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° влияния выявлСнных Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ΅ отрасли Π² ΠΏΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ…. ΠžΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ исслСдования ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π³Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· для составлСния Ρ€Π΅ΠΉΡ‚ΠΈΠ½Π³Π° Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ коррСляционно-рСгрСссионноС ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ для ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ влияния отраслСвых Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΡŒ ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ-экономичСского развития Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΉ. Π’ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ Π²Ρ‹Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ½ΡƒΡ‚Π° Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π·Π°: созданиС условий для развития основной для Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π° отрасли Π½Π΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ выступит стимулом Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ-экономичСского роста ΠΈ обСспСчит Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡ‹ΠΉ ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΡŒ экономичСской бСзопасности. Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ исслСдования: составлСн Ρ€Π΅ΠΉΡ‚ΠΈΠ½Π³ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΉ (ΠΡ€Ρ…Π°Π½Π³Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΠΊΠ°Ρ, Владимирская, НиТСгородская, Московская области ΠΈ РСспублика ДагСстан) ΠΈ выявлСны ΡΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΡƒΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΡƒΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ Π² Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΈ отрасли (историко-ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½Ρ‹Π΅, экономичСскиС ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅), Π½Π° Π±Π°Π·Π΅ Ρ‡Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ‹ инструмСнты воздСйствия Π½Π° ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΡΠ»ΡŒ Π² ΠΎΡ‚Π΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡƒΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Π΅. Π’Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹: ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ» Π²Ρ‹ΡΠ²ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΡΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΡƒΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΡƒΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ Π² Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠΈ отрасли, Π½Π° Π±Π°Π·Π΅ Ρ‡Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ инструмСнты воздСйствия Π½Π° ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΡΠ»ΡŒ Π² ΠΎΡ‚Π΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡƒΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Π΅ с Ρ†Π΅Π»ΡŒΡŽ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ уровня ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ-экономичСского развития ΠΈ обСспСчСния экономичСской бСзопасности Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ².The article has been prepared with the support of the Ministry of Industry and Trade Russia in the framework of the contract "Providing services for information-analytical and expert support in the elaboration of a concept for the development of places of traditional existence of folk arts and crafts, an action plan for the development and implementation of the regulatory framework and measures of their support as categories of preservation and evolvement of traditions of existence".Π‘Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π° Π² Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ экономичСского исслСдования ΠΏΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ°Π·Ρƒ ΠœΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΡΡ‚Π²Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ ΠΈ Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π³ΠΎΠ²Π»ΠΈ Π Π€ Π² Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ… ГосударствСнного ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π° «ОказаниС услуг ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-аналитичСскому ΠΈ экспСртному ΡΠΎΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅ΠΏΡ†ΠΈΠΈ развития мСст Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ бытования Π½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… худоТСствСнных промыслов, ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½Π° дСйствий ΠΏΠΎ Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ-ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π±Π°Π·Ρ‹ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Π³ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΉ сохранСния ΠΈ развития Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΉ ΡƒΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π° бытования»
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