Probabilidade de ocupação e separação espacial entre onça parda (Puma concolor) e onça pintada (Phantera onca) na borda oeste do Pantanal.

Populações de grandes felinos são sensíveis à intervenções antrópicas nas paisagens, habitats e populações de espécies-presa. O Pantanal constitui uma das mais importantes regiões para a conservação onças exatamente pelo seu grau de conservação até os dias atuais. O objetivo desse estudo foi estimar a probabilidade de ocupação de onça parda (Puma concolor) e onça pintada (Panthera onca), além de analisar o grau de sobreposição espacial das áreas ocupadas pelas duas espécies. Large cat populations are sensible to human intervention in the landscape, habitats and prey-species population. The Pantanal is one of the most important regions for the conservation of jaguar and puma, given its conservation status to date. The objective of this study was to estimate the occupancy by jaguars (Panthera onca) and pumas (Puma concolor), as well as to analyze the degree of spatial overlap of the areas occupied by the two species

Limited Open Access in socio-ecological systems: how do communities deal with environmental unpredictability?

Classical theory on the commons holds that rules are fundamental to sustainability. However, open access may be present in many sustainable socioecological systems. Here, we explore the interaction between environmental unpredictability and cooperation in a fishery in the Pantanal wetland, Brazil. We show that a variable annual flood pulse combined with channel blockages results in a high turnover in fishing grounds. To counter this variability, fishers openly share information about fishing areas with all community members, but are highly territorial with neighboring communities. We argue that this open access within communities but common property between communities represents a system of limited open access and, using a mathematical model, suggest that such a system is favored under conditions of moderate competition and high levels of resource unpredictability. Failing to take into account the social norms that underpin limited open access systems may undermine conservation interventions

Densidade e tamanho de grupos de Callicebus cf pallescens (Primates: Pitheciidae) na Fazenda Santa Teresa, Pantanal.

Os primatas da infraordem Platyrrhini são divididos em quatro famílias, dentre elas a Pitheciidae. Um gênero bastante representativo nesta família é Callicebus, com 29 espécies reconhecidas, sendo que 22 ocorrem no Brasil e apenas uma destas, Callicebus pallescens, ocorre na região do Pantanal. Esta espécie, conhecida popularmente na região como boca-d’água, é encontrada nas regiões não inundáveis da borda oeste do Pantanal, especialmente no Maciço do Urucum, Morrarias do Castelo e de Santa Teresa, além da Serra do Amolar. Dados existentes para Callicebus no Pantanal foram coletados utilizando métodos limitados. Este trabalho buscou estimar a densidade e o tamanho dos grupos de Callicebus cf pallescens, na fazenda Santa Teresa, localizada na Morraria de Santa Teresa e baía Vermelha, Corumbá, MS. The Primates of the Platyrrhini infraorder are divided in four families, being Pitheciidae one of them. A very representative genus in this family is Callicebus with 29 known species, 22 of them occurring in Brazil and only one of them, Callicebus pallescens, occurring in the Pantanal Wetland region. This titi monkey species, which is known as “boca-d´água” in the region, is found in the not flooded areas of Pantanal west border, mainly at Urucum Mountain range, Castelo e Santa Teresa mountains, besides the Serra do Amolar ridge. Existing data on Callicebus pallescens at the Pantanal were collected using limited methods. This research aimed to estimate density and group size of Callicebus cf pallescens at the Santa Teresa Ranch (18°18’ S; 57°30’ W), located in the mountains Santa Tereza and Baía Vermelha, Corumbá, MS

Medical imaging in the diagnosis of schistosomiasis: a review

Schistosomiasis is one of the most important parasitic diseases and it is endemic in tropical and subtropical areas. Clinical and laboratory data are fundamental for the diagnosis of schistosomiasis, but diagnostic imaging techniques such as x-rays, ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) may be helpful in the evaluation of disease severity and complications. In this context, the aim of this review is to explore the actual role of diagnostic imaging in the diagnosis of schistosomiasis, underlining advantages and drawbacks providing information about the utilization of diagnostic imaging techniques in this context. Furthermore, we aim to provide a useful guide regarding imaging features of schistosomiasis for radiology and nuclear medicine physicians of non-endemic countries: in fact, in the last years non-endemic countries have experienced important flows of migrants from endemic areas, therefore it is not uncommon to face cases of this disease in daily practice

Separação de nicho entre duas espécies simpátricas de veados do gênero mazama em uma paisagem complexa no Pantanal.

O veado mateiro (Mazama americana) e veado catingueiro (Mazama gouazoubira) são espécies simpátricas no Pantanal. Algumas publicações indicam que há uma considerável sobreposição na dieta destas espécies, assim, como no uso de habitat. Neste trabalho, utilizamos modelagem de ocupação para verificar diferenças no uso de habitats bem como para avaliar se as espécies se evitam. The red brocket (Mazama americana) and the gray brocket (Mazama gouazoubira) deer are sympatric species in the Pantanal. Some publications indicate a considerable diet overlap by these species, as well as in the habitat use. In this study we used occupancy modelling to verify differences in habitat use, as well as to evaluate if these species avoid each other

Cortical metabolic arrangement during olfactory processing:proposal for a 18F-FDG PET/CT methodological approach

The aim of this article is to investigate the cortical metabolic arrangements in olfactory processing by using 18F fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography. Twenty-six normosmic individuals (14 women and 12 men; mean age 46.710 years) were exposed to a neutral olfactory condition (NC) and, after 1 month, to a pure olfactory condition (OC) in a relatively ecological environment, that is, outside the scanner. All the subjects were injected with 185-210 megabecquerel of 18F FDG during both stimulations. Statistical parametric mapping version 2 was used in order to assess differences between NC and OC. As a result, we found a significant higher glucose consumption during OC in the cuneus, lingual, and parahippocampal gyri, mainly in the left hemisphere. During NC, our results show a relative higher glucose metabolism in the left superior, inferior, middle, medial frontal, and orbital gyri as well as in the anterior cingulate cortex. The present investigation, performed with a widely available functional imaging clinical tool, may help to better understand the neural responses associated to olfactory processing in healthy individuals and in patients with olfactory disorders by acquiring data in an ecologic, noise-free, and resting condition in which possible cerebral activations related to unwanted attentional processes might be avoided