Helicia cochinchinensis Lour.

原著和名: ヤマモガシ科名: ヤマモガシ科 = Proteaceae採集地: 鹿児島県 高隈山麓 (大隅 高隈山麓)採集日: 1965/10/29採集者: 萩庭丈壽整理番号: JH008969国立科学博物館整理番号: TNS-VS-95896

Comparison of expression values for significantly up-regulated genes belonging to the GO group “defence response to fungus” (GO:0050832) in Gigante Vercelli and Vialone Nano.

a<p>Expression values are reported as DESeq-normalized read counts.</p>b<p>Lack in the VN list of the corresponding GV induced gene denotes expression below the expression cutoff.</p

Expression analysis of Resistance Genes Analogs (RGAs) candidates for Gigante Vercelli (GV) resistance functions.

<p><b>A</b>: Chromosome localization of candidate resistance (<i>R</i>) genes. Red bars: GV-specific induced RGAs called as DEGs; blue bars: RGAs expressed in GV only (i.e. expressed in GV, not expressed in Vialone Nano -VN-, regardless to infection responsiveness); black bars: RGAs with at least twofold expression ratio among infected GV and infected VN. Nipponbare loci corresponding to known blast <i>R</i> genes are indicated with green, thick bars; physical distances for each rice chromosome are also indicated (mapping position values in millions bp). <b>B</b>: Read mapping patterns in mock and blast inoculation conditions of selected RGAs from the three groups listed above for Gigante Vercelli (GV) and Vialone Nano (VN). Each group is color-coded as in legend of panel A. Red and blue bars in the upper panel represent gene, mRNA and coding sequence structure respectively from the upper to the lower bar. Red and blue segments above and below the midlines represent reads mapping to forward and reverse strands, respectively.</p

Comparative Transcriptome Profiling of the Early Response to <em>Magnaporthe oryzae</em> in Durable Resistant <em>vs</em> Susceptible Rice (<em>Oryza sativa</em> L.) Genotypes

<div><p>Durable resistance to blast, the most significant fungal disease of rice, represents an agronomically relevant character. Gigante Vercelli (GV) and Vialone Nano (VN) are two old temperate <em>japonica</em> Italian rice cultivars with contrasting response to blast infection: GV displays durable and broad resistance while VN is highly susceptible. RNA-seq was used to dissect the early molecular processes deployed during the resistance response of GV at 24 h after blast inoculation. Differential gene expression analysis identified 1,070 and 1,484 modulated genes, of which 726 and 699 were up regulated in response to infection in GV and VN, respectively. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analyses revealed a set of GO terms enriched in both varieties but, despite this commonality, the gene sets contributing to common GO enriched terms were dissimilar. The expression patterns of genes grouped in GV-specific enriched GO terms were examined in detail including at the transcript isoform level. GV exhibited a dramatic up-regulation of genes encoding diterpene phytoalexin biosynthetic enzymes, flavin-containing monooxygenase, class I chitinase and glycosyl hydrolase 17. The sensitivity and high dynamic range of RNA-seq allowed the identification of genes critically involved in conferring GV resistance during the early steps of defence perception-signalling. These included chitin oligosaccharides sensing factors, wall associated kinases, MAPK cascades and WRKY transcription factors. Candidate genes with expression patterns consistent with a potential role as GV-specific functional resistance (<em>R</em>) gene(s) were also identified. This first application of RNA-seq to dissect durable blast resistance supports a crucial role of the prompt induction of a battery of responses including defence-related genes as well as members of gene families involved in signalling and pathogen-related gene expression regulation.</p> </div

Hierarchical clustering of OsWAK gene expression.

<p>Gigante Vercelli (GV) and Vialone Nano (VN) <i>OsWAK</i> gene expression as affected by blast infection in the different treatments (blast or mock inoculated) and biological replicates (R1, R2, R3). Genes called as DEGs are indicated on the right border of the heatmap. Colored bars on the left of the heatmap mark distinct major branches in the clustering tree grouping genes with similar expression pattern. The colour scale indicates the expression value (light blue indicate higher expression value, darker blue indicates lower gene expression values). The heat map was generated with custom scripts based on heatmap.2 function as available in the ‘gplots’ Bioconductor package.</p

Differentially Expressed Genes in the common enriched GO term “defence response to fungus, incompatible interaction” (GO:0009817) in Gigante Vercelli and Vialone Nano.

a<p>Expression values are reported as DESeq-normalized read counts.</p

Global overview of Gigante Vercelli (GV) and Vialone Nano (VN) transcriptional changes.

<p>Mean expression <i>versus</i> log fold change plots (MA-plots) were computed for GV (A) and VN (B); normalised expression mean values are plotted versus log2 fold changes and called DEGs (FDR <0.05) are plotted in red. (C) Mean expression values (averages of mock and infected) were plotted on x and y axis for GV and VN, respectively. Genes called as DEG in both varieties, in GV only, in VN only or in neither genotype are plotted in red, blue, green and black, respectively.</p

Compared expression of known and putative elicitor sensing/signalling components in Gigante Vercelli (GV) and Vialone Nano (VN).

a<p>Expression values are reported as DESeq-normalized read counts.</p

Reads mapping pattern for <i>OsWRKY40</i> and <i>OsWRKY64.</i>

<p>Expression patterns for Gigante Vercelli (GV) and Vialone Nano (VN) in mock and blast inoculation conditions are reported. Red and blue segments above and below the midline represent reads mapping to forward and reverse strands, respectively. Localizations of exons coding for the WRKY domain are indicated with yellow bars in the upper panels. Blue bars in the second panel represent gene, mRNA and coding sequence structure respectively from the upper to the lower bar.</p

Differentially expressed <i>WRKY</i> genes in Gigante Vercelli and Vialone Nano.

a<p>Expression values are reported as DESeq-normalized read counts.</p