An atypical manifestation of inguinal endometriosis in the extra pelvic part of the round ligament: a case report

Establishing the diagnostic and surgical management of the inguinal Endometriosis, with further investigation of the biological character.The imaging findings of CT and PET-CT, biopsy, ultrasound, open surgery of the inguinal region with intraoperative cryosection, confirmation and evaluation of tissue infiltration by endometriosis, laparoscopic removal of all endometriotic lesions, reconstruction of the groin. Based on the history of the 29-year-old patient, suffering from a painful growing induration of the inguinal region. Immunohistochemistry performed, in order to analyze the character of the inguinal endometriosis.CT, PET-CT and biopsy did not confirm the diagnosis of endometriosis. Considering, the progressive symptoms of the patient, was performed the surgical intervention. Open surgery of the inguinal region, with a preparation and separation of the groin fibrotic mass lead to the finding of an affected extra-peritoneal portion of the round ligament. Intraoperative cryosection confirmed endometriosis. Simultaneous laparoscopy showed peritoneal endometriosis (rASRM I) and an alteration of the inner round ligament, involving the inner inguinal channel in this process. All endometriotic lesions were removed and the inguinal region reconstructed. The immunohistochemical staining gave evidence of the endometriotic tissue, surrounded by smooth muscle metaplasia.We consider that, reporting this rare case of endometriosis, based on a case report and a literature review, affecting intra and extra peritoneal portion of the round ligament, is an important aid to avoid a wrong diagnosis and method of therapy in future. Our data demonstrated the fully recovery of the patient, after surgical treatment, reporting symptom-free status

Sentinel node mapping in endometrial cancer: Tips and tricks to improve bilateral detection rate. The sentitricks study, a monocentric experience.

Abstract Objective The objective of the study is to show some small tricks for bilateral sentinel lymph node (SLN) uptake in endometrial cancer. Materials and methods Each step of the sentinel lymph node technique was analyzed. The cervix was exposed through the use of vaginal valves and by Martin pliers stapling of the anterior cervical lip. Fifty mg Indocyanine Green (ICG) powder was diluted with 10 ml of physiological solution. The spinal needle was marked at 15 mm with a steri-strip. After 20 min from the administration, in case of no LNS identification, an additional 1 ml in the non-detected side was administered in the superficial cervical area. All cervical injections were made by a single (BR) surgeon experienced in oncological gynecology. Results Fifty patients undergoing sentinel lymph node research for endometrial cancer. The uptake of at least one side of the sentinel node was 98% (49 cases). Forty-six (92%) patients had bilateral lymph node uptake and 3 patients (6%) had unilateral uptake. Only one patient with pelvic and metastatic aortic lymph nodes had no sentinel nodal uptake. Conclusions Little tricks can increase the bilateral uptake of the SLN up to 92%. The reinjection could be a key element for the success of the SLN technique. Experienced surgeons could certainly play a fundamental role in raising bilateral SLN detection. Further prospective randomized studies are needed to achieve the best SLN infiltration strategy

Personalized Treatment of Vulvar Cancer

Vulvar cancer (VC) accounts for 5% of all gynecologic cancer and the most common histological type is squamous cell carcinoma (up to 90%

Use of botulinum toxin in aesthetic medicine and gynaecology: current approaches, controversies, and future directions

This review looks at the use of botulinum toxin in the gynaecological field with the aim of determining what needs to be further investigated to achieve a standardized application. Numerous studies have been conducted to explore how botulinum toxins (BoNT) can be applied, and it is becoming popular for treating various disorders such as chronic pelvic pain, vestibulodynia, and vaginism. However, the exact dosage and ideal location for injections still need to be clarified. The objective of this study is to point out which aspects need to be more carefully studied to ensure a consistent use of BoNT in gynaecology

Prospective comparison of loop excision under colposcopic guidance versus vitom guidance

Background: Aim of the study was to compare the quality of loop excision using a colposcope with results using the VITOM system. Results compared included cervical volume removed, intra- and postoperative complications, and positive resection margins. Methods: A total of 200 patients with histologically confirmed high-grade cervical premalignant lesions, persistent atypical cytological results and/or suspicious colposcopic findings, and cytological and histological discrepancies were included in the study. In transformation zone type 1 (T1) only a superficial cone biopsy was done, in zones type 2 and 3 (T2 and T3) a superficial outside cone biopsy or a deeper inside cone biopsy were done respectively, followed by endocervical curettage. Volume of removed tissue, complications, and positive resection margins were compared for the colposcopy and the VITOM groups. Findings: Demographic and reproductive features were similar between groups. In the VITOM group 49% of patients had zone T1, 30% had zone T2, and 21% had zone T3. In the group of patients managed by colposcopy, 48, 45, and 7% of patients had zone T1, T2 and T3 zone, respectively (p0.05). There were no significant differences in the type of procedure or the mean volume of removed tissue. Results were similar for both groups with respect to positive resection margins and complications. Conclusion: VITOM is a safe and reliable system. Results using the VITOM system are comparable to those obtained with conventional colposcopy. The potential advantage of VITOM is the broader availability of endoscopic systems in the operating theatre. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Vaginal-Assisted Laparoscopic Radical Hysterectomy: Rationale, Technique, Results

The authors conclude that vaginal-assisted laparoscopic radical hysterectomy is an oncologic viable alternative to abdominal radical hysterectomy, laparoscopic-assisted radical vaginal hysterectomy, totally laparoscopic radical hysterectomy, and robotic radical hysterectomy

Preventing Persistence of HPV Infection with Natural Molecules

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is one the most common sexually transmitted infections worldwide. In most cases, the infection is temporary and asymptomatic; however, when persistent, it may lead to lesions that can evolve into cancer in both women and men. Nowadays, prophylactic vaccination is the primary preventive strategy for HPV infections, but vaccines do not cover all types of HPV strains. Scientific research has uncovered the beneficial role of some natural supplements in preventing persistent HPV infections or treating HPV-related lesions. We review the current insight into the roles of natural molecules in HPV infection with a special focus on epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), folic acid, vitamin B12, and hyaluronic acid (HA). Specifically, EGCG from green tea extracts plays a critical role in suppressing HPV oncogenes and oncoproteins (E6/E7), which are responsible for HPV oncogenic activity and cancer development. Folic acid and vitamin B12 are essential vitamins for multiple functions in the body, and accumulating evidence suggests their importance in maintaining a high degree of methylation of the HPV genome, thus decreasing the likelihood of causing malignant lesions. HA, due to its re-epithelizing property, may prevent HPV virus entry in damaged mucosa and epithelia. Thereby, based on these premises, the combination of EGCG, folic acid, vitamin B12, and HA may be a very promising therapeutic approach to prevent HPV persistence

Clinical outcomes after the use of anti-adhesive agents in laparoscopic reproductive surgery

Introduction: Intra-abdominal adhesions are abnormal fibrous attachments between tissues and organs that can be congenital or acquired. Adhesion formation is a critical postoperative complication that may lead to bowel obstruction, chronic abdominal pain and infertility. Physical barrier agents separate opposing peritoneal surfaces in the critical 5-day period of remesotheliazation. These agents are subdivided into solid or liquid/gel. Liquid agents seem easier to use in laparoscopic procedures than solid agents. Methods: The search for suitable articles published in English was carried out using the following databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health, The Cochrane Library (Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Methodology Register), Health Technology Assessment Database, Web of Science and search register (ClinicalTrial.gov). Only studies reporting data about the impact of the use of an antiadhesive agent on adhesion formation after a primary gynecologic laparoscopic surgery were considered eligible. Results: Twenty-two papers that met the inclusion criteria were included in this systematic review. Discussion/conclusions: Surgeons should consider applying antiadhesive agents after gynecologic surgery to help reduce adhesion formation and their adverse effects. However, further studies are still needed to confirm their impact on reproductive outcome and to implement clear guidelines on their per-operative application

Optimized culture conditions for tissue explants of uterine leiomyoma

Background: Uterine leiomyomas are the most common benign tumours in women, which arise from smooth muscle cells of the uterine myometrium and usually are multicentric. In spite of their frequency pathogenesis is widely unknown, mainly due to the absence of a suitable model system. We describe the systematic optimization of culturing leiomyoma tissue explants in an economical and effective ex vivo system. Methods: Different concentrations of oxygen, different media, sera, hormones, and growth factor supplements were tested. Immunohistochemical stainings with antibodies against hormone receptors as well as specifying proliferation and apoptotic indices and real-time PCR were performed. Results: Main parameters for culturing myoma tissue explants were tested for finding an optimal protocol. Standard medium D-MEM-F12 in combination with the use of horse serum in a reduced concentration of 1% turned out to be optimal for these tissue cultures as well as the addition of estradiol and epidermal growth factor EGF to media. Reduced oxygen content in the incubator air showed no positive effect. Conclusions: For culturing tissue explants of uterine leiomyoma several conditions were optimized. The established tissue culture model allows examining the effects of known and potential therapeutic substances and the influence of immune competent cells in the process of tumour formation to find new targets for medical treatmen