315 research outputs found
Modality-Independent Teachers Meet Weakly-Supervised Audio-Visual Event Parser
Audio-visual learning has been a major pillar of multi-modal machine
learning, where the community mostly focused on its modality-aligned setting,
i.e., the audio and visual modality are both assumed to signal the prediction
target. With the Look, Listen, and Parse dataset (LLP), we investigate the
under-explored unaligned setting, where the goal is to recognize audio and
visual events in a video with only weak labels observed. Such weak video-level
labels only tell what events happen without knowing the modality they are
perceived (audio, visual, or both). To enhance learning in this challenging
setting, we incorporate large-scale contrastively pre-trained models as the
modality teachers. A simple, effective, and generic method, termed Visual-Audio
Label Elaboration (VALOR), is innovated to harvest modality labels for the
training events. Empirical studies show that the harvested labels significantly
improve an attentional baseline by 8.0 in average F-score (Type@AV).
Surprisingly, we found that modality-independent teachers outperform their
modality-fused counterparts since they are noise-proof from the other
potentially unaligned modality. Moreover, our best model achieves the new
state-of-the-art on all metrics of LLP by a substantial margin (+5.4 F-score
for Type@AV). VALOR is further generalized to Audio-Visual Event Localization
and achieves the new state-of-the-art as well. Code is available at:
https://github.com/Franklin905/VALOR
A HRNet-based Rehabilitation Monitoring System
The rehabilitation treatment helps to heal minor sports and occupational
injuries. In a traditional rehabilitation process, a therapist will assign
certain actions to a patient to perform in between hospital visits, and it will
rely on the patient to remember actions correctly and the schedule to perform
them. Unfortunately, many patients forget to perform actions or fail to recall
actions in detail. As a consequence, the rehabilitation treatment is hampered
or, in the worst case, the patient may suffer from additional injury caused by
performing incorrect actions. To resolve these issues, we propose a HRNet-based
rehabilitation monitoring system, which can remind a patient when to perform
the actions and display the actions for the patient to follow via the patient's
smartphone. In addition, it helps the therapist to monitor the progress of the
rehabilitation for the patient. Our system consists of an iOS app and several
components at the server side. The app is in charge of displaying and
collecting action videos. The server computes the similarity score between the
therapist's actions and the patient's in the videos to keep track of the number
of repetitions of each action. Theses stats will be shown to both of the
patient and therapist. The extensive experiments show that the F1-Score of the
similarity calculation is as high as 0.9 and the soft accuracy of the number of
repetitions is higher than 90%
Study on the Correlation between Objective Evaluations and Subjective Speech Quality and Intelligibility
Subjective tests are the gold standard for evaluating speech quality and
intelligibility, but they are time-consuming and expensive. Thus, objective
measures that align with human perceptions are crucial. This study evaluates
the correlation between commonly used objective measures and subjective speech
quality and intelligibility using a Chinese speech dataset. Moreover, new
objective measures are proposed combining current objective measures using deep
learning techniques to predict subjective quality and intelligibility. The
proposed deep learning model reduces the amount of training data without
significantly impacting prediction performance. We interpret the deep learning
model to understand how objective measures reflect subjective quality and
intelligibility. We also explore the impact of including subjective speech
quality ratings on speech intelligibility prediction. Our findings offer
valuable insights into the relationship between objective measures and human
perceptions
Drosophila eyes absent is a Novel mRNA Target of the Tristetraprolin (TTP) Protein DTIS11
The Tristetraprolin (TTP) protein family includes four mammalian members (TTP, TIS11b, TIS11d, and ZFP36L3), but only one in Drosophila melanogaster (DTIS11). These proteins bind target mRNAs with AU-rich elements (AREs) via two C3H zinc finger domains and destabilize the mRNAs. We found that overexpression of mouse TIS11b or DTIS11 in the Drosophila retina dramatically reduced eye size, similar to the phenotype of eyes absent (eya) mutants. The eya transcript is one of many ARE-containing mRNAs in Drosophila. We showed that TIS11b reduced levels of eya mRNA in vivo. In addition, overexpression of Eya rescued the TIS11b overexpression phenotype. RNA pull-down and luciferase reporter analyses demonstrated that the DTIS11 RNA-binding domain is required for DTIS11 to bind the eya 3′ UTR and reduce levels of eya mRNA. Moreover, ectopic expression of DTIS11 in Drosophila S2 cells decreased levels of eya mRNA and reduced cell viability. Consistent with these results, TTP proteins overexpressed in MCF7 human breast cancer cells were associated with eya homologue 2 (EYA2) mRNA, and caused a decrease in EYA2 mRNA stability and cell viability. Our results suggest that eya mRNA is a target of TTP proteins, and that downregulation of EYA by TTP may lead to reduced cell viability in Drosophila and human cells
Simple and Specific Dual-Wavelength Excitable Dye Staining for Glycoprotein Detection in Polyacrylamide Gels and Its Application in Glycoproteomics
In this study, a commercially available fluorescent dye, Lissamine rhodamine B sulfonyl hydrazine (LRSH), was designed to specifically stain the glycoproteins in polyacrylamide gels. Through the periodate/Schiff base mechanism, the fluorescent dye readily attaches to glycoproteins and the fluorescence can be simultaneously observed under either 305 nm or 532 nm excitation therefore, the dye-stained glycoproteins can be detected under a regular UV transilluminator or a more elegant laser-based gel scanner. The specificity and detection limit were examined using a standard protein mixture in polyacrylamide gels in this study. The application of this glycoprotein stain dye was further demonstrated using pregnancy urine samples. The fluorescent spots were further digested in gel and their identities confirmed through LC-MS/MS analysis and database searching. In addition, the N-glycosylation sites of LRSH-labeled uromodulin were readily mapped via in-gel PNGaseF deglycosylation and LC-MS/MS analysis, which indicated that this fluorescent dye labeling does not interfere with enzymatic deglycosylation. Hence, the application of this simple and specific dual-wavelength excitable dye staining in current glycoproteome research is promising
Admissions to intensive care unit of HIV-infected patients in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy: etiology and prognostic factors
Label-free quantitative proteomics of CD133-positive liver cancer stem cells
Abstract
Background
CD133-positive liver cancer stem cells, which are characterized by their resistance to conventional chemotherapy and their tumor initiation ability at limited dilutions, have been recognized as a critical target in liver cancer therapeutics. In the current work, we developed a label-free quantitative method to investigate the proteome of CD133-positive liver cancer stem cells for the purpose of identifying unique biomarkers that can be utilized for targeting liver cancer stem cells. Label-free quantitation was performed in combination with ID-based Elution time Alignment by Linear regression Quantitation (IDEAL-Q) and MaxQuant.
Results
Initially, IDEAL-Q analysis revealed that 151 proteins were differentially expressed in the CD133-positive hepatoma cells when compared with CD133-negative cells. We then analyzed these 151 differentially expressed proteins by MaxQuant software and identified 10 significantly up-regulated proteins. The results were further validated by RT-PCR, western blot, flow cytometry or immunofluorescent staining which revealed that prominin-1, annexin A1, annexin A3, transgelin, creatine kinase B, vimentin, and EpCAM were indeed highly expressed in the CD133-positive hepatoma cells.
Conclusions
These findings confirmed that mass spectrometry-based label-free quantitative proteomics can be used to gain insights into liver cancer stem cells.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/113089/1/12953_2012_Article_407.pd
Activations of Both Extrinsic and Intrinsic Pathways in HCT 116 Human Colorectal Cancer Cells Contribute to Apoptosis through p53-Mediated ATM/Fas Signaling by Emilia sonchifolia Extract, a Folklore Medicinal Plant
Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC (Compositae), an herbaceous plant found in Taiwan and India, is used as folk medicine. The clinical applications include inflammation, rheumatism, cough, cuts fever, dysentery, analgesic, and antibacteria. The activities of Emilia sonchifolia extract (ESE) on colorectal cancer cell death have not been fully investigated. The purpose of this study explored the induction of apoptosis and its molecular mechanisms in ESE-treated HCT 116 human colorectal cancer cells in vitro. The methanolic ESE was characterized, and γ-humulene was formed as the major constituent (63.86%). ESE induced cell growth inhibition in a concentration- and time-dependent response by MTT assay. Apoptotic cells (DNA fragmentation, an apoptotic catachrestic) were found after ESE treatment by TUNEL assay and DNA gel electrophoresis. Alternatively, ESE stimulated the activities of caspase-3, -8, and -9 and their specific caspase inhibitors protected against ESE-induced cytotoxicity. ESE promoted the mitochondria-dependent and death-receptor-associated protein levels. Also, ESE increased ROS production and upregulated the levels of ATM, p53, and Fas in HCT 116 cells. Strikingly, p53 siRNA reversed ESE-reduced viability involved in p53-mediated ATM/Fas signaling in HCT 116 cells. In summary, our result is the first report suggesting that ESE may be potentially efficacious in the treatment of colorectal cancer
Growth Differentiation Factor 15 May Predict Mortality of Peripheral and Coronary Artery Diseases and Correlate with Their Risk Factors
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