The differential interaction effect of mastery and performance climate on athletes’ emotional and physical exhaustion:The role of athletes’ gratitude.

Motivational climate (i.e., mastery and performance climate) has been found to shape athletes’ emotional and physical exhaustion, the core dimension of burnout. However, the interactional effect between mastery and performance climate on emotional and physical exhaustion has been rarely examined. In this study, we proposed that athletes’ gratitude will determine the interaction effect of mastery climate and performance climate on emotional and physical exhaustion. Specifically, we hypothesized that among athletes high in gratitude, mastery climate can mitigate the association between performance climate and emotional and physical exhaustion; among those low in gratitude, mastery climate can intensify the association between performance climate and emotional and physical exhaustion. Using a time-lagged survey, data from 293 athletes revealed a three-way interaction effect among mastery climate, performance climate, and gratitude. We did not find that mastery climate can mitigate the association between performance climate and emotional and physical exhaustion for those high in gratitude but found that among athletes low in gratitude, the positive association between performance climate and emotional and physical exhaustion was stronger in a higher mastery climate than in a lower mastery climate. Our study offers an interactionist perspective to help further understand the joint effect of mastery and performance climates on emotional and physical exhaustion by taking the role of individual differences into account.</p

Temperature effect on electromagnetic forming process by finite element analysis

Abstract. In the electromagnetic forming (EMF) process, the Lorentz force is generated by the repulsive interaction of magnetic field between a pulse transient current in a coil and an eddy current in a workpiece. During the process, the current will generate Joule heat in both the coil and workpiece raising their temperatures. The objective of this work is to build a coupled analysis to consider the temperature effect during the electromagnetic sheet metal forming process by using a finite element analysis. During the analysis, the electromagnetic, mechanical and temperature problems are considered simultaneously. Then, the coupling effects of the temperature with eddy currents, magnetic fields, magnetic force density, and deflection of the sheet metal are discussed. The results indicate that the temperature increasing is significant especially during repeated working cycles, and the deflection of a sheet metal is reduced as the increasing of the coil temperature. Hence, this temperature effect should be considered to avoid the failing of products and to improve the life of the forming coil, especially in a mass production process

Girdling improved berry coloration in summer but suppressed return growth in the following spring in 'Kyoho' grapevines cultivated in the subtropical double cropping system

Improving berry skin coloration is one of the major challenges in the tropical and subtropical viticulture. In this paper we aimed to document the effects of girdling at veraison on berry coloration and quality in grapevines on different rootstocks and we assessed the seasonal variations of girdling effects in the subtropical double cropping system. In the first experiment, gird-ling at veraison was tested in 'Kyoho' on 5C rootstocks. In the second experiment, own-rooted 'Kyoho', 5C or 1202C rootstocks were compared. Vines were trained to a horizontal overhead trellis with a single trunk and two short arms. One arm of each vine was girdled at veraison and the other arm served as the control. Girdling at veraison significantly improved skin color of berries from own-rooted vines or 5C rootstocks in the summer cropping cycle but was less effective in the winter cropping cycle. Girdling improved total soluble solids in own-rooted vines in the summer cropping cycle and in vines on 1202C in the winter cropping cycle. Girdling made in the winter cropping cycle did not completely heal until post-bloom in the following spring and reduced length of the fruiting shoot, number of leaves per shoot, and length of inflorescences of the next summer cropping cycle. We concluded that girdling at veraison is a good practice to improve berry color and quality for the summer cropping cycle but is not recommended for the winter cropping cycle

Phase-controlled vibrational laser percussion drilling

In this study, a phase-controlled vibration was applied to a laser percussion drilling process to improve the depth of penetration. To investigate the effects of phase-controlled vibration on the depth of penetration, a novel method that controls the phase offset between the accelerating motion and the emission of the laser beam was developed. The method is based on coaxial sensing of the working surface using a photodiode, coupled with microcontroller control of the drilling laser operation. Through real-time optical signal acquisition and analysis of laser machining processes, correlations between the accelerating motion and the emission of the laser beam were simultaneously obtained. All of the processing work was performed in air at standard atmospheric conditions, and gas assist was not used. This study showed that the application of phase-controlled vibration improved the depth of penetration in laser percussion machining and can contribute to the development of precision drilling in the industry

Crystallization, melting and morphology of PEO in PEO/MWNT-g-PMMA blends

Abstract The dispersion of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) in crystalline poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) is significantly improved by grafting with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) on surface of MWNTs via emulsion reactions. The synthesized MWNTs-g-PMMA is soluble in solvents that can dissolve PMMA and is well dispersed in PEO. The effects of the MWNTs-g-PMMA on PEO crystallization and its use as a reinforcement for PEO are investigated using DMA, DSC, POM, and SAXS. DMA data show that the PEO/MWNTs-g-PMMA blends containing up to 30 wt% MWNTs-g-PMMA are compatible. DSC data show the crystallization of PEO is enhanced by the MWNTs-g-PMMA, accompanying with a decreased thickness of crystal layers and an increased thickness of amorphous layers of the PEO lamellar stacks, in combination with SAXS data.