The frequency of PLA cases with septic ocular or central nervous system complications.

<p><b>NOTE.</b> PLA, pyogenic liver abscess.</p

Clinical characteristics of PLA patients with and without septic ocular or central nervous system complications.

<p><b>NOTE.</b> PLA, pyogenic liver abscess.</p

Incidence and risk of acute angle closure in patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and the control cohort.

<p>CI = confidence interval.</p><p>* Analyzed by Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test.</p>†<p>Adjusted for comorbid diseases listed in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0107660#pone-0107660-t001" target="_blank">table 1</a> and all other factors in this table.</p><p>Incidence and risk of acute angle closure in patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and the control cohort.</p

Baseline characteristics and comorbid medical disorders of patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and the control cohort.

<p>* Analyzed by Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test.</p><p>Baseline characteristics and comorbid medical disorders of patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and the control cohort.</p

Secondary Solid Organ Neoplasm in Patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Nationwide Population-Based Study in Taiwan

<div><p>Background</p><p>Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is more common in children than in adults. Secondary neoplasms (SNs) in childhood ALL have been widely reported. However, only one study has demonstrated SNs in adult ALL. Because of the poorer survival of adult ALL, the incidence might be underestimated.</p><p>Objective</p><p>To evaluate the incidence and risk factors of secondary solid organ neoplasms among adult and child ALL patients.</p><p>Methods</p><p>Newly diagnosed ALL patients between 1997 and 2011 were recruited from the Taiwan National Health Insurance database. Those who had antecedent or combined malignancies were excluded. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were analyzed to compare the risk of our cohort to general population in the same age, sex and calendar year. Risk factors for SN development were analyzed by Cox proportional hazards models. Effects of treatments were treated as time-dependent variables.</p><p>Results</p><p>The 15-year cumulative incidence of SN was 1.9% and 8.4% in 1,381 child and 2,154 adult ALL patients, respectively. The SIR was significantly increased in child ALL (SIR 6.06), but not in adult ALL (SIR 1.16). The SIRs of follow-up periods were 5.14, 2.24, .87 and .71 at ≥ 10 years, 5–10 years, 1–5 years and 0–1, respectively. Overall, 15 SNs developed, and CNS tumors (SIR 11.56) were the most common type. Multivariate analysis showed that age ≥ 20 years (hazard ratio [HR] 5.04), end-stage renal disease (HR 18.98) and cranial irradiation (HR 8.12) were independent risk factors for cancer development.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>When compared with the general population, child ALL shows a increased risk of developing SNs. CNS tumors are the most common type, and cranial irradiation is an independent risk factor. With longer follow-up, the risk of SNs increases. Hence, physicians need to pay more attention on the risk of developing SNs in long-term ALL survivors with risk factors.</p></div

Flow chart.

<p>Flow chart.</p

Overall survival after HSCT for patients developing conjunctival aGVHD or not.

<p>HSCT, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; aGVHD, acute graft-versus-host disease.</p

Standardized incidence ratios according to sex, age at diagnosis and duration of acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

<p>Standardized incidence ratios according to sex, age at diagnosis and duration of acute lymphoblastic leukemia.</p

Cumulative incidence of conjunctival aGVHD after adjusting competing mortality for patients receiving HSCT.

<p>HSCT, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.</p

Characteristics of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

<p>Characteristics of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.</p