A Note on the Persistence of Firms' Innovation Behavior: A Dynamic Random Effect Probit Model Approach

Is firms' innovation behavior persistent? Using both patent and R&D intensity as proxy variables of innovation and employing a new estimation method of the dynamic random effect probit model, this study finds a strong effect of state dependence after controlling for the firm heterogeneity. This result indicates that there is a causal effect from past innovation to current innovation, supporting the hypothesis of persistent innovation.dynamic probit model

Asymmetric Information and Global Sourcing

This paper aims to study the choice of offshoring modes made by multinationals in the presence of asymmetric information. We focus on two types of asymmetric information, namely hidden characteristics and hidden action. The former creates adverse selection problem, and the later leads to moral hazard problem, both of which incur non-trivial costs to multinationals. We show that different offshoring modes, including greenfield foreign direct investment, joint venture, and outsourcing, can serve as a means to overcome or mitigate the problem of information asymmetry. We study the conditions under which one particular type of offshore modes dominates the others. The model generates implications consistent with the patterns of the prevalence of various offshoring models over time, and across industries and countries.Asymmetric Information, Global Sourcing, Foreign Direct Investment, Joint Venture, Outsourcing

Asymmetric Information and Global Sourcing

This paper aims to study the choice of offshoring modes made by multinationals in the presence of asymmetric information. We focus on two types of asymmetric information, namely hidden characteristics and hidden action. The former creates adverse selection problem, and the later leads to moral hazard problem, both of which incur non-trivial costs to multinationals. We show that different offshoring modes, including greenfield foreign direct investment, joint venture, and outsourcing, can serve as a means to overcome or mitigate the problem of information asymmetry. We study the conditions under which one particular type of offshore modes dominates the others. The model generates implications consistent with the patterns of the prevalence of various offshoring models over time, and across industries and countries.Asymmetric Information, Global Sourcing, Foreign Direct Investment, Joint Venture, Outsourcing

in Junior High School History Textbooks between China, Taiwan and Korea

학위논문 (석사) -- 서울대학교 대학원 : 국제대학원 국제학과(국제지역학전공), 2021. 2. 신성호 .China, Taiwan and Korea share the same history of being invaded by Japan. However, surveys show Chinese and Korean still have anti-Japanese sentiments, while Taiwanese show much affection towards Japan nowadays. History, being a compulsory subject in these all three countries, is believed to have critical influence on teenagers value shaping. Therefore, it is hypothesized that history education of these three countries is somehow narrated differently and thus leading to such phenomenon. This paper intends to conduct a comparative study on narration of Japanese imperialism in junior high school history textbooks from these three countries. Through methodologies of documentary research, case comparison and case analysis, it is found that Chinese textbooks shows the most important values of its people or CCP; Korean textbooks emphasize on process of its brave and mighty nation in resisting against Japanese and establishing an independent country; while Taiwanese history textbooks use a beneficiary-perspective in its narration on Japan instead of victim-perspective. It is proven that history textbooks are in service of ruling class. In addition, global aspects are seldom seen in all three countries history textbooks. Self-centralism and ideology differences are believed to be two major factors in shaping such differences. This paper argues that school history textbooks could tend to be narrated with sentiments from both domestic and global perspectives, and both positive and negative views, as long as objectivity is guaranteed. Only under this circumstance can students stick to their standpoints while lending an ear to different opinions from other countries, and thus promoting regional cooperation, seeking common ground while leaving aside differences.중국, 대만 그리고 한국은 일본침략이라는 동일한 역사를 지니고 있다. 그러나 연구에 의하면 중국인과 한국인들이 여전히 일본에 대해 반감을 가지고 있는 반면 대만인들은 애정을 더 많이 갖고 있는 것으로 드러난다. 세 국가에서 모두 의무교과목으로 분류되는 역사는 청소년들의 가치형성에 중요한 역할을 차지하는 것으로 여겨진다. 그렇기에 세 국가에서의 역사교육이 각각 조금은 다른 방향으로 서술되고 있으며, 나아가 위의 현상으로 이어진다는 가설이 제기된다. 본 논문은 세 국가의 중학교 역사교과서 내의 일본 제국주의 서술에 대한 비교연구를 진행코자 한다. 문헌연구, 사례비교 그리고 사례분석의 방법론에 의하면 중국 교과서는 중국 인민과 공산당이 가장 중요하시는 가치를 중심으로 서술하는 반면, 한국 교과서는 한국이 일본에 대항하고 독립적인 국가를 건설하는 과정에서 얼마나 용감하고 굳세었는지를 강조하며, 대만 교과서는 일본과의 관계를 피해자적인 관점이 아닌 수혜자적인 관점에서 서술하고 있다. 역사 교과서는 일반적으로 통치계급의 기호에 맞게 서술된다는 점은 이미 증명된 바 있다. 더불어, 세 국가의 역사 교과서에서 모두 글로벌한 관점은 매우 드물게 등장한다. 자기중심적 관점과 이데올로기 차이는 이와 같은 서술차이를 야기하는 주요한 2가지 요인으로 생각된다. 본 논문에서는 학교 역사교과서가 국내 또는 글로벌 관점, 긍정적 또는 부정적 관점 등의 감정을 드러낼 수 있지만, 그 이전에 객관성이 반드시 보장되어야 한다고 주장한다. 오직 이러한 조건 하에서만이 학생들이 스스로의 관점을 보유하면서 동시에 타국가의 다양한 의견에 귀기울일 수 있고, 더 나아가 차이를 인정하면서도 공통되는 기반을 모색하여 국가 간의 협력을 강화할 수 있을 것이다.Chapter I Introduction 1 Chapter II Research Plan 4 1. Historical Background 4 2. Literature Review 5 2-1. Comparative Studies of History Textbooks in China 6 2-2. Comparative Studies of History Textbooks in Taiwan 8 2-3. Comparative Studies of History Textbooks in Korea 9 3. Research Questions 11 4. History Textbooks Selection 12 4-1. Selection of Junior High School History Textbooks 12 4-2. People's Education Press, Hanlin Press, Chunjae Education Press 14 5. Methodology 16 6. Innovation and Limitation 17 Chapter III Case Study 19 1. Meiji Restoration 19 1-1. Background 20 1-2. Process 23 1-3. Result and Influence 25 1-4. Summary on Meiji Restoration 27 2. Late Joseon and Great Power War: Sino-Japanese War 28 2-1. Background 28 2-2. Process 31 2-3. Result and Influence 34 2-4. Summary on Sino-Japanese War 37 3. Colonization under Japanese Dominance 38 3-1. Background 39 3-2. Process, Result and influence 41 3-3. Summary on Colonization under Japanese Dominance 52 4. Victory in WWII and National Liberation 54 4-1. Background 54 4-2. Result and Influence 56 4-3. Summary on Victory of WWII and National Liberation 61 Chapter IV Analysis 63 1. Features of Three Countries' History Textbooks 63 2. Analysis of Differences between Textbooks 67 Chapter V Conclusion 73 Bibliography 77 국문초록 80 Acknowledgements 82Maste

Isolation of Yeast DNA Replication Mutants in Permeabilized Cells

A random population of temperature-sensitive mutants was screened by assaying for defects in DNA synthesis in a permeabilized yeast DNA replication system. Twenty mutants defective in in vitro DNA synthesis have been isolated. In this paper we describe eight of these mutants. Seven of them fall into three complementation groups--cdc2, cdc8, and cdc16--involved in the control of the cell-division cycle. Because synthesis in vitro represents propagation of replication forks active in vivo at the time of permeabilization, our finding that cdc2 and cdc16 mutants can incorporate dTMP into DNA in such permeabilized cells at 23 degrees C but not at 37 degrees C supports the conclusion that these two mutations directly affect DNA synthesis at replication forks. Such an involvement was previously suggested by in vivo analysis for CDC2 but was less clear for CDC16. Finally, the usefulness of our screening procedure is demonstrated by the isolation of replication mutants in previously undescribed complementation groups. One strain shows a serious defect in in vivo DNA synthesis but normal RNA synthesis

Understanding the Bloggers’ Continuance Usage: Integrating Flow into the Expectation-Confirmation Theory Information System Model

Blogs are very popular nowadays. Many big website portals, such as Yahoo Blog, PC home Blog, try to offer different functions and personal services to attract the potential users to be their Blog member, because this will bring more advertising income. For the portals, how to obtain users to continue use is very important to survival. Most previous articles focused on investigating system function and information quality issues on Blogs, but these technologies are very steady already. There are fewer studies to discuss the users’ flow experience on using Blogs. The aim of this study investigated whether the users’ flow experience affected the Bloggers’ satisfaction and intention to continue using. 303 Bloggers were surveyed online. The research findings indicated that confirmation, perceived usefulness, flow, challenge, and arousal were positively affected to the Bloggers’ satisfaction in using that Blog; perceived usefulness, satisfaction, flow were also positively influenced to the Bloggers’ intention to continue using. In addition, the findings point out that the flow factors which we extend into ECTIS model weak positively influence satisfaction. The higher satisfaction users have, the more are continuance intention users get. Recommendations are given on how to make the Bloggers continue using Blogs for the service providers

Web Services for forward integration in international tourism supply chains: A case study of tourism in Thailand

International tourism is a highly competitive and information-intensive industry. Customers need volumes of information for decision aids. Moreover, the decision-making processes are quite sensitive to the variables of personal preferences, the tourist industrial ecosystem, the legal regulations and political environments of destinations, the regional or global economic situations, the natural matters, and so on. Hence, the owners of tourism are motivated to upgrade the competitiveness of their businesses with information technologies. This paper intends to design the architecture of Web Services in international tourism, which can contribute to the forward integration in international tourism supply chains. First, the authors conduct an in-depth case study of a regional tour operator in Thailand. In the case study, we examine the strength, weakness, challenges visions, and strategic approaches of international tourism, and their relationships with the information systems in the tourist business. Then, this paper designs the architecture of Web Services in international tourism. The architecture is expected to improve the information transparency through the global tourism supply chain, construct business-to-business collaboration mechanism, provide efficient and effective information to tourists, and consequently contribute to forward integration in international tourism supply chains