Comparisons of current perception threshold (CPT) values measured at the middle finger and big toe between diabetic women with and without overactive bladder (OAB) syndrome.

<p>Data expressed as mean±standard error.</p>*<p>Student t test, <i>p</i><0.05.</p

Comparisons of current perception threshold (CPT) values measured at the middle finger and big toe between diabetic women with and without urodynamic bladder dysfunction (UBD).

<p>Data expressed as mean±standard error or the number, with the percentage in parenthesis.</p>*<p>Student t test, <i>p</i><0.05.</p

Demographic data.

<p>Demographic data.</p

Additional file 2: Figure S2. of Endothelial differentiation of bone marrow mesenchyme stem cells applicable to hypoxia and increased migration through Akt and NFÎşB signals

showing the hypoxia incubator has similar gene expression patterns in both MSCs and eELCs as compared withto these observed in DFO treatments (A). Same induction effects of p-Akt in hypoxic MSCs and increase of CXCR4 in eELCs were confirmed when incubating the cells in a low oxygen incubator (B). (PDF 237 kb

Associations of CPT values between distal extremities and bladder mucosa among diabetic women with UBD were examined by Pearson’s correlation analyses.

<p>(a) The 5 Hz CPT test values at the big toe were significantly associated with the 5 Hz CPT test values of bladder mucosa.(p<0.001) (b) No significant association between big toe and bladder mucosa at 250 Hz CPT values. (c) Significant association of 5 Hz CPT values between middle finger and bladder mucosa. (p<0.001) (d) No significant association noted at 250 Hz CPT values between middle finger and bladder mucosa.</p

Additional file 1: Figure S1. of Endothelial differentiation of bone marrow mesenchyme stem cells applicable to hypoxia and increased migration through Akt and NFÎşB signals

showing similar cell proliferation abilities were observed by BrdU (A) and Ki67 (B) staining in both MSCs and eELCs. (PDF 161 kb

The effects of intravesical liposome administration on the response to acidic ATP solution stimulation in the bladder of controls and FFRs.

<p>Representative traces of bladder responses to acidic ATP solution instillation before and after intravesical liposome administration in the control (A), FFRs with NDF (B), and FFRs with DO (C). (D): Protective effects of liposomes on the reduction of ICI during ATP solution stimulation among groups. An asterisk indicates a significant difference between before and after intravesical liposome administration in the same group. (Paired t-test, p<0.05).</p

Alterations of receptor protein expression in the mucosa layer or smooth muscle layer of the bladder in controls and FFRs.

<p>Western blot analysis with specific antibodies to the TRPV1 receptor, purinergic P2X₂ receptor, and P2X₃ receptor of the rat mucosal layer and the purinergic P2X₁ receptor of the rat smooth muscle layer in controls and FFRs with different in cystometric presentations. A. TRPV1 receptor: The TRPV1 antibody produced a clear single band at 95kDa. B. Purinergic P2X₂ receptor C. Purinergic P2X₃ mature receptor: the predominant P2X₃ form (65kDa). D. Up-regulation of P2X3 native and intermediate polypeptides (up to 55kD) were shown in both FFR groups. E. Purinergic P2X₁ receptor Experiments were repeated two times and representative blots are shown. Data of proteins expression (ratios of signal intensities of investigated receptors relative to β-actin or GAPDH) were calculated with 8 samples in each group. These data of Mean ± SE were standardized and expressed in percentage in which the value of the control group is treated as 100%. Theses values were shown in the bar graph. An asterisk indicates a significant difference between controls and FFR groups (One-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s test, p<0.05).</p

Comparisons of general characteristics, biochemistry variables, and cystometric parameters among controls and FFRs.

<p>Data presented as mean ± SEM and tested among groups using one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s test.</p>*<p>The Dunnett’s test showed a significant difference between the control group and other groups.</p>†<p>Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) = fasting plasma insulin (µ U/ml)×fasting plasma glucose (mmol/l)/22.5.</p

The effects of PPADS intravenous injection on the response to acidic ATP solution in the bladder of controls and FFRs.

<p>Representative traces of bladder responses to acidic ATP solution instillation before and after intravenous PPADS administration in the control (A), FFRs with NDF (B), and FFRs with DO (C). (D): Purinergic antagonist effects of PPADS on the reduction of ICI during ATP solution stimulation among groups. An asterisk indicates a significant difference between before and after intravenous PPADS administration in the same group. (Paired t- test, p<0.05).</p