Acacetin reduces intrasynaptosomal Ca²⁺ levels but does not alter the synaptosomal membrane potential and Na⁺ influx.

<p>Cytosolic free Ca²⁺ concentration (nM) (A) or synaptosomal membrane potential (B) was measured in the absence (control) and in the presence of 30 µM acacetin, added 10 min before depolarization with 1 mM 4-AP. C: Na⁺ influx was induced by 1 mM 4-AP in the absence (control) or presence of 30 µM acacetin or 2 µM TTX, added 10 min before depolarization. Results are mean ± SEM of independent experiments, using synaptosomal preparations from five animals. ***, <i>P</i><0.001 versus control group.</p

Acacetin attenuates KA-induced neuronal cell death in the CA3 region of the hippocampus.

<p>Acacetin (10 or 50 mg/kg) was administrated intraperitoneally 30 min before KA injection, and extents of neuronal losses in the hippocampus were evaluated at 3 days after KA injection by staining with neutral red (A-D) and Fluoro-Jade B (E-H). Representative photomicrographs illustrating neuronal cell death in the hippocampal CA3 region of control, KA, KA + acacetin 10 mg/kg, and KA + acacetin 50 mg/kg. (I) Quantification of Fluoro-Jade B-positive neurons in the CA3 region of the hippocampus. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM of six independent experiments. ***<i>P</i><0.001, as compared with the KA-treated group. Scale bar for A-D, E-H = 250 µm, A′-D′ = 100 µm.</p

Acacetin suppresses KA-induced microglial activation in the CA3 region of the hippocampus.

<p>Acacetin (10 or 50 mg/kg, i.p.) was administrated 30 min before KA injection, and the hippocampal sections were stained with anti-OX-42 antibody at 3 days after KA injection. Representative photomicrographs illustrating OX-42 immunoreactivity in the hippocampal CA3 region of control, KA, KA + acacetin 10 mg/kg, and KA + acacetin 50 mg/kg. Insets in figure show the morphological changes after KA administration under higher magnification. Representative picture from six independent experiments were presented. Scale bar  = 100 µm for A-D.</p