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Metabolic Pathways Enhancement Confers Poor Prognosis in p53 Exon Mutant Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq), the most commonly used sequencing application tool, is not only a method for measuring gene expression but also an excellent media to detect important structural variants such as single nucleotide variants (SNVs), insertion/deletion (Indels), or fusion transcripts. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) contains genomic data from a variety of cancer types and also provides the raw data generated by TCGA consortium. p53 is among the top 10 somatic mutations associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of the present study was to analyze concordant different gene profiles and the priori defined set of genes based on p53 mutation status in HCC using RNA-Seq data. In the study, expression profile of 11 799 genes on 42 paired tumor and adjacent normal tissues was collected, processed, and further stratified by the mutated versus normal p53 expression. Furthermore, we used a knowledge-based approach Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) to compare between normal and p53 mutation gene expression profiles. The statistical significance (nominal P value) of the enrichment score (ES) genes was calculated. The ranked gene list that reflects differential expression between p53 wild-type and mutant genotypes was then mapped to metabolic process by KEGG, an encyclopedia of genes and genomes to assign functional meanings. These approaches enable us to identify pathways and potential target gene/pathways that are highly expressed in p53 mutated HCC. Our analysis revealed 2 genes, the hexokinase 2 (HK2) and Enolase 1 (ENO1), were conspicuous of red pixel in the heatmap. To further explore the role of these genes in HCC, the overall survival plots by Kaplan-Meier method were performed for HK2 and ENO1 that revealed high HK2 and ENO1 expression in patients with HCC have poor prognosis. These results suggested that these glycolysis genes are associated with mutated-p53 in HCC that may contribute to poor prognosis. In this proof-of-concept study, we proposed an approach for identifying novel potential therapeutic targets in human HCC with mutated p53. These approaches can take advantage of the massive next-generation sequencing (NGS) data generated worldwide and make more out of it by exploring new potential therapeutic targets
Spin-orbit torques acting upon a perpendicularly-magnetized Py layer
We show that Py, a commonly-used soft ferromagnetic material with weak
anisotropy, can become perpendicularly-magnetized while depositing on Ta buffer
layer with Hf or Zr insertion layers (ILs) and MgO capping layer. By using two
different approaches, namely harmonic voltage measurement and hysteresis loop
shift measurement, the dampinglike spin-orbit torque (DL-SOT) efficiencies from
Ta/IL/Py/IL/MgO magnetic heterostructures with perpendicular magnetic
anisotropy are characterized. We find that though Ta has a significant spin
Hall effect, the DL-SOT efficiencies are small in systems with the Ta/Py
interface compared to that obtained from the control sample with the
traditional Ta/CoFeB interface. Our results indicate that the spin transparency
for the Ta/Py interface is much less than that for the Ta/CoFeB interface,
which might be related to the variation of spin mixing conductance for
different interfaces
A Comparative Study on Spin-Orbit Torque Efficiencies from W/ferromagnetic and W/ferrimagnetic Heterostructures
It has been shown that W in its resistive form possesses the largest
spin-Hall ratio among all heavy transition metals, which makes it a good
candidate for generating efficient dampinglike spin-orbit torque (DL-SOT)
acting upon adjacent ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic (FM) layer. Here we provide
a systematic study on the spin transport properties of W/FM magnetic
heterostructures with the FM layer being ferromagnetic
CoFeB or ferrimagnetic CoTb with
perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. The DL-SOT efficiency , which is
characterized by a current-induced hysteresis loop shift method, is found to be
correlated to the microstructure of W buffer layer in both
W/CoFeB and W/CoTb systems. Maximum values
of and are achieved when
the W layer is partially amorphous in the W/CoFeB and
W/CoTb heterostructures, respectively. Our results suggest that
the spin Hall effect from resistive phase of W can be utilized to effectively
control both ferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic layers through a DL-SOT mechanism
Tracer kinetic modeling of ¹¹C-acetate applied in the liver with positron emission tomography
Author name used in this publication: Dagan FengAuthor name used in this publication: Zheru ChiCentre for Multimedia Signal Processing, Department of Electronic and Information Engineering2003-2004 > Academic research: refereed > Publication in refereed journalVersion of RecordPublishe
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