Effect of ACS84 on 6-OHDA-induced TH+ neuronal degeneration.

<p>Immunofluorescence staining showed that ACS84 (10 mg kg⁻¹ day⁻¹, i.g) alleviated TH+ neuron loss in SN of 6-OHDA-lesioned PD rats. Photos were taken at x100 magnification, and the white bar indicated 0.1 µm. Samples were collected from two independent experiments.</p

Effect of ACS84 on oxidative stress induced by 6-OHDA in SH-SY5Y cells.

<p>(A) Dose dependent effect of ACS84 on ROS generation in the 6-OHDA-treated (50 µM) SH-SY5Y cells. Cells were pretreated with ACS84 at different concentrations for 4 h. DCFDAH₂ (10 µM) was given 30 min before the addition of 6-OHDA (50 µM). The results were obtained after the treatment with 6-OHDA for 1 h. (B–C) Effect of ACS84, L-Dopa and NaHS at 10 µM on ROS generation (B) and SOD (C) in SH-SY5Y cells treated with 6-OHDA. SOD activity was measured 4 h after 6-OHDA treatment. Data are presented as mean ± SEM, n = 4–8, ^###<i>P</i><0.001 versus control; *<i>P</i><0.05, **<i>P</i><0.01, ***<i>P</i><0.001, versus 6-OHDA-treated cells; ^†††<i>P</i><0.001, versus ACS84-treated cells.</p

Effects of ACS84 on the expression and translocation of antioxidant enzymes in SH-SY5Y cells.

<p>(A) Western blotting analysis showing that treatment with ACS84 for 4 h promoted the nuclear accumulation of Nrf-2 in SH-SY5Y cells. Densitometric analysis performed by normalizing nuclear Nrf-2 to cytosol Nrf-2 signals. Data were expressed as mean ± SEM, *<i>P</i><0.05, n = 5 (B) RT-PCR showing that ACS84 treatment induced the mRNA expression of GclC, GclM and HO-1 after 4 h. Samples were collected from three independent experiments.</p

Effect of ACS84 on oxidative stress in the striatum of unilateral 6-OHDA-lesioned PD rat model.

<p>ACS84 treatment (10 mg kg⁻¹ day⁻¹, i.g) alleviated the increased MDA production. Data are presented as mean ± SEM, n = 4–6. *<i>P</i><0.05 versus lesion site of Sham group and ^#<i>P</i><0.05 versus lesion site of Vehicle group.</p

Protective effect of ACS84 against cell injury induced by 6-OHDA in SH-SY5Y cells.

<p>(A–B): Dose dependent effects of ACS84 on (A) cell viability and (B) LDH release in the 6-OHDA-treated (50 µM) SH-SY5Y cells. Cells were pretreated with ACS84 at different concentrations for 1 h before the addition of 6-OHDA. The results were obtained at 12 h (MTT assay) or 6 h (LDH release assay) after the treatment with 6-OHDA. (C–D): Effect of ACS84, L-Dopa and NaHS at 10 µM on cell viability (C) and LDH release (D) in SH-SY5Y cells treated with 6-OHDA. Data are presented as mean ± SEM, n = 5–9, ^###<i>P</i><0.001 versus control; *<i>P</i><0.05, ***<i>P</i><0.001 versus 6-OHDA-treated cells; ^†<i>P</i><0.05, ^†††<i>P</i><0.001 versus ACS84-treated cells.</p

Effect of ACS84 on dopamine and its metabolites in 6-OHDA-lesioned striatum.

<p>The concentration of dopamine and its metabolites in 6-OHDA-lesioned striatum were measured using HPLC. Units for Dopamine, DOPAC and HVA concentrations were ng/g tissue. Data are presented as mean ± SEM, n = 6–8.</p>#<p>p<0.05 versus Sham group and *p<0.05 versus Vehicle group.</p